ArticleDrug delivery2021
Self-assembled polymeric nanocarrier-mediated co-delivery of metformin and doxorubicin for melanoma therapy.
Article in Drug delivery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic effects of cold atmospheric plasma and doxorubicin on melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Integrated PANoptosis Profiling Identifies Immunosuppressive Subtypes and a Prognostic Signature With Functional Validation of MLKL in Glioblastoma.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-based strategies targeting disulfidptosis, anoikis, and PANoptosis for enhanced cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Phytosomes against melanoma: disrupting molecular pathways with targeted phytochemical delivery.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based identification of potential diagnostic signatures in spinal cord injury.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Unravelling the role of PANoptosis in diseases: from emerging molecular mechanisms-to-therapeutic implications.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Harnessing pyroptosis to restrain melanoma through aripiprazole.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- PANoptosis in diabetes: immunometabolic insights and treatments.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in melanoma: regulatory cell death pathways and their implications for immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The multiplex crosstalk between non-coding RNAs, programmed cell death and related mechanisms: a dynamic duo in hematological malignancies.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- PANoptosis in cancer: bridging molecular mechanisms to therapeutic innovations.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- KLX ameliorates liver cancer progression by mediating ZBP1 transcription and ubiquitination and increasing ZBP1-induced PANoptosis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Exploring necroptosis: mechanistic analysis and antitumor potential of nanomaterials.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Remodeling tumor microenvironment using prodrug nMOFs for synergistic cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Nanomaterials evoke pyroptosis boosting cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- PANoptosis: a new insight into the mechanism of ischaemia-reperfusion injury.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- Metformin and its Nanoformulations in Cancer Prevention and Therapy.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Three-Dimensional Printing of Hydrogel Blend Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with In Situ Delivery of Anticancer Drug for Treating Melanoma Resection-Induced Tissue Defects.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Cuproptosis, ferroptosis and PANoptosis in tumor immune microenvironment remodeling and immunotherapy: culprits or new hope.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a life-threatening form of skin cancer with a low response rate to single-agent chemotherapy. Although combined therapies of metformin (MET) and doxorubicin (DOX) are effective in treating a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, their different physicochemical properties and administration routines reduce the effective co-accumulation of both drugs in tumors. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated to potentially improve drug delivery efficiency in cancer therapy of, for example, liver and lung cancers. Hence, in this study, we prepared pH-sensitive, biocompatible, tumor-targeting NPs based on the conjugation of biomaterials, including sodium alginate, cholesterol, and folic acid (FCA). As expected, since cholesterol and folic acid are two essentials, but insufficient, substrates for melanoma growth, we observed that the FCA NPs specifically and highly effectively accumulated in xenograft melanoma tumors. Taking advantage of the FCA NP system, we successfully co-delivered a combination of MET and DOX into melanoma tumors to trigger pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis) of the melanoma cells, thus blocking melanoma progression. Combined, the establishment of such an FCA NP system provides a promising vector for effective drug delivery into melanoma and increases the possibility and efficiency of drug combinations for cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.