ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2021
Clinical characteristics, treatment and long-term prognosis in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated, comprehensive meta-analysis of the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Analysis, equipoise, and the urgent need for evidence over anecdote.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis outcomes in a population-based cohort.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Anti-N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor encephalitis in India: a case series and review of the literature.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Machine Learning and Shapley Additive Explanations Value Integration for Predicting the Prognostic of Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: Model Development and Evaluation Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Risk factors for poor response to initial first-line immunotherapy and subsequent immunotherapy on prognosis in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Multifactorial analysis of clinical prognosis in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a single-centre cohort study.Internal medicine journal · 2025Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis in Latin America. Clinical features and outcomes in pediatric and adult populations: retrospective cohort of The REAL LABIC Project.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Epilepsy, Immunity and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Recent research on immunotherapy for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2022Review
- Permanent Impairment of Language Functions in an Adolescent Case of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2022Article
- Recurrence of Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Cohort Study in Central China.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Presence of anti-nuclear antibody associated with worse clinical outcomes of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Novel qEEG Biomarker to Distinguish Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis From Other Types of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Th17 cells regulate the progress of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- Anti-Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to (i) analyse the clinical characteristics, treatment outcome and long-term prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and (ii) study the differences between paediatric and adult patients.
methodsThis was a chart review of all patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
resultsThere were 28 patients with 18 patients belonging to the paediatric (<18 years) age group. There was female (94%) preponderance in the paediatric age group, while in adult patients, there was no gender predilection (p=0.006). There was no significant difference in clinical feature, outcome or number of relapses between paediatric and adult population groups. MRI brain was abnormal in 53% of patients. Among the 15 patients with MRI abnormalities at the onset, 53% had poor functional outcome at 1 year, while in 12 patients with normal initial MRI brain, only 8% had poor functional outcome at 1 year (p =0.01). Nearly 53% of patients with abnormal MRI at presentation had at least one clinical relapse within 2 years while in patients with normal MRI at presentation, 15% had a clinical relapse (p=0.037). EEG abnormalities were noticed in 71% of patients; among them, 40 and 15% had poor functional outcome at 1 and 2 years respectively. In comparison, those with normal first EEG at onset, 12% had poor functional outcome at 2 years (p=0.57).
conclusionsBoth paediatric and adult patients presented with similar clinical features but the paediatric population had female preponderance. The functional outcome and number of relapse were comparable in both the paediatric and adult groups. Patients with parenchymal changes on MRI and abnormal EEG showed poorer response compared to those with normal MRI and/or EEG at the onset. Patients have lesser severity of symptoms at relapse than in the first episode. An early diagnosis and treatment are essential for better long-term functional outcome.
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