ArticleCureus2021
Clock-Drawing Tasks as Predictive Measurements for Disease Classification Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor.
Article in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clock drawing test as a screening tool for detecting cognitive decline: an analysis in adults and elderly people from Natal (RN).Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Clinical Features of Essential Tremor and its Impact on Quality of Life in Japan.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Intelligent devices for assessing essential tremor: a comprehensive review.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Classification of Kinematic and Electromyographic Signals Associated with Pathological Tremor Using Machine and Deep Learning.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Nonmotor cognitive symptoms are widely being recognized in both Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Essential Tremor (ET), the two most common movement disorders. Clock-drawing (CD) test seems to be impaired early in the process of cognitive (executive) decline in PD. However, the optimal measures for detecting cognitive changes in ET patients have not been established. Examining whether the CD test is a quick test could identify frontal and visuospatial deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Methods Visuospatial performance was assessed in 58 consecutive patients with ET and 75 with PD and 22 healthy controls (HC) who visited two neurological clinics of Athens in Greece. The CD and copy (CC) items of the PD-Cognitive Rating Scale were used as a test of visuospatial function. Results Both CD and CC scores were lower for ET compared to PD patients and HC (p=<0.001 for both comparisons). A binomial logistic regression showed that both CD and CC items predict if participants had ET or PD with high sensitivity 94.7% and specificity 87.9% and an area under the curve (AUC) 0.980 (95% confidence interval, 0.962-0.997). The model explained 86.1% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in the disease variable (ET/PD) and correctly classified 91.7% of the cases. Conclusion Patients with ET have more visuospatial deficits compared to PD and HC. CD task may be an easy, useful tool to track cognitive changes in nondemented patients with ET in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.