Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33727862›Full record

ArticleClinical epidemiology2021

Pharmacogenetics of Anticoagulation and Clinical Events in Warfarin-Treated Patients: A Register-Based Cohort Study with Biobank Data and National Health Registries in Finland.

Anna-Leena Vuorinen, Mika Lehto, Mikko Niemi, Kari Harno, Juha Pajula, Mark van Gils, Jaakko Lähteenmäki

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04001166 (Pharmacogenomics of Antithrombotic Drugs), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04001166 completednot on this map

Pharmacogenomics of Antithrombotic Drugs (PreMed PGx Study)

TypeobservationalSponsorVTT Technical Research Centre of FinlandRan2019 to 2020Enrolled7,005ConditionsIndividuals With a Disease of Cardiovascular SystemArmsNon-interventional study
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Prevalence of risk phenotypes associated withFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Pharmacogenomic and Statistical Analysis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anna-Leena VuorinenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-5658-1305
Mika LehtoHeart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-8691-5142
Mikko NiemiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-4550-2189
Kari HarnoDepartment of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Juha PajulaVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-0563-6406
Mark van GilsVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-0029-1771
Jaakko LähteenmäkiVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9358-6332

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess the association between MATERIALS AND

methodsThis was a register-based cohort study (PreMed) linking data from Finnish biobanks, national health registries and patient records between January 1st 2007 and June 30th 2018. The inclusion criteria were: 1) ≥18 years of age, 2)

resultsThe cohort consisted of 2508 participants (45% women, mean age of 69 years), of whom 65% were categorized as normal responders and 35% sensitive or highly sensitive responders. Compared to normal responders, sensitive and highly sensitive responders had fewer INR tests below 2 (median: 33.3% vs 43.8%, 95% CI: -13.3%, -10.0%) and more above 3 (median: 18.2% vs 6.7%, 95% Cl: 8.3%, 10.8%). The incidence (per 100 patient-years) of bleeding outcomes was 5.4 for normal responders and 5.6 for the sensitive and highly sensitive responder group (HR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.44). The incidence of thromboembolic outcomes was 4.9 and 7.8, respectively (HR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.03).

conclusionIn a real-world setting, genetically sensitive and highly sensitive responders to warfarin had more high INR tests and required a lower daily dose of warfarin than normal responders. However, the risk for bleeding events was not increased in sensitive and highly sensitive responders. Interestingly, the risk of thromboembolic outcomes was lower in normal responders compared to the sensitive and highly sensitive responders.

trial registrationNCT04001166.

Indexed as

bleedingCYP2C9INRpharmacogenomicsVKORC1warfarin

Identifiers

PMID33727862
PMCPMC7954279

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.