ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2021
Additive interaction of mid- to late-life depression and cerebrovascular disease on the risk of dementia: a nationwide population-based cohort study.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Midlife depressive symptoms, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity modify the association of long-term vascular risk factor variability from childhood with midlife cognitive function: The Bogalusa Heart Study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Identifying sex-specific sub-phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease progression using longitudinal electronic health records.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Combined effect of the triglyceride-glucose index and frailty index on advanced stages among cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome patients.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and high-risk lifestyle behaviours with subjective cognitive decline: baseline findings from the China ageing and health survey.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Identifying Sex-Specific Sub-phenotypes of Alzheimer's Disease Progression Using Longitudinal Electronic Health Records.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Association between outdoor and indoor air pollutant exposure and depression among middle-aged and older adults in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Changes in dementia risk along with onset age of depression: a longitudinal cohort study of elderly depressed patients.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Joint association of antioxidant intakes from diet and supplements and sedentary behavior with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among US adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Joint association of anti-inflammatory diet and vigorous leisure-time physical activity on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in U.S. adults: findings from NHANES, 2007-2014.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Effects of depression and cognitive impairment on increased risks of incident dementia: a prospective study from three elderly cohorts.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Accumulative Effect of Multiple Postnatal Risk Factors with the Risk of Being Overweight/Obese in Late Childhood.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Research status and global trends of late-life depression from 2004 to 2023: bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Under pressure: A systematic review of the association between blood pressure variability with depression and anxiety.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2024Article
- Have We Been Underestimating Modifiable Dementia Risk? An Alternative Approach for Calculating the Combined Population Attributable Fraction for Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Causal feature selection using a knowledge graph combining structured knowledge from the biomedical literature and ontologies: A use case studying depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2023Article
- Leisure-Time Television Viewing and Computer Use, Family History, and Incidence of Dementia.Neuroepidemiology · 2023Article
- The role of type 2 diabetes in the association between habitual glucosamine use and dementia: a prospective cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- Additive interaction of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in cancer patient mortality risk.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Visit-To-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Subthreshold Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2022Article
- The enigma of vascular depression in old age: a critical update.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDementia is a progressive neurocognitive disease with a substantial social burden. No apparent breakthroughs in treatment options have emerged so far; thus, disease prevention is essential for at-risk populations. Depression and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are independent risk factors for dementia, but no studies have examined their interaction effect on dementia risk. This study aimed to identify the association of depression and CVD with the risk of dementia and evaluate whether dementia risk among patients with comorbid depression and CVD is higher than the sum of the individual risk due to each condition.
methodsA population-based cohort study was conducted to analyze the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data of all individuals over 50 years of age. Individuals who had not been diagnosed with dementia at baseline were included and followed up from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2013. A time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted for potential confounding factors was used for the analysis. The interaction between depression and CVD was estimated based on the attributable proportion (AP), relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), synergy index (SI), and multiplicative-scale interaction.
resultsA total of 242,237 participants were included in the analytical sample, of which 12,735 (5.3%) developed dementia. Compared to that for participants without depression or CVD, the adjusted hazard ratio for the incidence of dementia for those with depression alone was 2.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.21-2.49), CVD alone was 3.25 (95% CI 3.11-3.39), and comorbid depression and CVD was 5.02 (95% CI 4.66-5.42). The additive interaction between depression and CVD was statistically significant (AP-0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.16; RERI-0.42, 95% CI 0.03-0.82; SI-1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24). The multiplicative interaction was significant too, but the effect was negative (0.66, 95% CI 0.60-0.73).
conclusionsIn this population-based nationwide cohort with long-term follow-up, depression and CVD were associated with an increased risk of dementia, and their coexistence additively increased dementia risk more than the sum of the individual risks.
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