Observational studyRheumatology (Oxford, England)2021
COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: characteristics and outcomes in a multinational network of cohorts across three countries.
Observational study in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Usefulness of linked data for infectious disease events: a systematic review.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and mortality in psoriasis patients treated with interleukin-17 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Differentiating the COVID-19 Infection and Vaccine Experiences of Patients With Systemic, Single Organ, and Overlap Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease: Protocol for a Secondary Analysis for Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccine Pharmacovigilance.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Real-world immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional observational study.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Observational
- Severe COVID-19 in Patients with Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Disorders: A Case-Control Study.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2025Article
- Clinical Activity of Behcet's Disease Associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Herpes Simplex Virus: Insights from Three Case Reports.International medical case reports journal · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike aggravates lupus nephritis and lung fibrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- Management and associated outcomes of COVID-19 infection among Ghanaian autoimmune rheumatic disease patients.Ghana medical journal · 2024Article
- COVID-19 breakthrough infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study by the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) Group.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- The Stanford Medicine data science ecosystem for clinical and translational research.JAMIA open · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Among Patients with Psoriasis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- The status of COVID-19 vaccines in India: A review.Vacunas · 2023Review
- Prospects of Novel and Repurposed Immunomodulatory Drugs against Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Associated with COVID-19 Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes inflammatory cytokine activation and aggravates rheumatoid arthritis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- COVID-19 severity and vaccine breakthrough infections in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and healthy controls: a multicenter cross-sectional study from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) survey.Rheumatology international · 2023Article
- Transforming the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) in Catalonia to the OMOP Common Data Model and Its Use for COVID-19 Research.Clinical epidemiology · 2023Article
- The Course of COVID-19 in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Machine Learning Techniques to Explore Clinical Presentations of COVID-19 Severity and to Test the Association With Unhealthy Opioid Use: Retrospective Cross-sectional Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Article
- Risk of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Among Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases or Malignancies: A Retrospective Analysis of Real-World Data in the United States.Advances in therapy · 2022Article
- Blueprint for harmonising unstandardised disease registries to allow federated data analysis: prepare for the future.ERJ open research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
46 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePatients with autoimmune diseases were advised to shield to avoid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but information on their prognosis is lacking. We characterized 30-day outcomes and mortality after hospitalization with COVID-19 among patients with prevalent autoimmune diseases, and compared outcomes after hospital admissions among similar patients with seasonal influenza.
methodsA multinational network cohort study was conducted using electronic health records data from Columbia University Irving Medical Center [USA, Optum (USA), Department of Veterans Affairs (USA), Information System for Research in Primary Care-Hospitalization Linked Data (Spain) and claims data from IQVIA Open Claims (USA) and Health Insurance and Review Assessment (South Korea). All patients with prevalent autoimmune diseases, diagnosed and/or hospitalized between January and June 2020 with COVID-19, and similar patients hospitalized with influenza in 2017-18 were included. Outcomes were death and complications within 30 days of hospitalization.
resultsWe studied 133 589 patients diagnosed and 48 418 hospitalized with COVID-19 with prevalent autoimmune diseases. Most patients were female, aged ≥50 years with previous comorbidities. The prevalence of hypertension (45.5-93.2%), chronic kidney disease (14.0-52.7%) and heart disease (29.0-83.8%) was higher in hospitalized vs diagnosed patients with COVID-19. Compared with 70 660 hospitalized with influenza, those admitted with COVID-19 had more respiratory complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and higher 30-day mortality (2.2-4.3% vs 6.32-24.6%).
conclusionCompared with influenza, COVID-19 is a more severe disease, leading to more complications and higher mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.