Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33724955›Full record

ArticleJCI insight2021

Resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibition does not necessitate development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

W Nathaniel Brennen, Yezi Zhu, Ilsa M Coleman, Susan L Dalrymple, Lizamma Antony, Radhika A Patel, Brian Hanratty, Roshan Chikarmane, Alan K Meeker, S Lilly Zheng and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Evaluation of Tissue from Patients with Prostate Cancer Identifies B7-H3 as an Androgen-Regulated, Broadly Expressed, Combinatorial Therapeutic Target.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. PROX1 is an early driver of lineage plasticity in prostate cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Framework for the Pathology Workup of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Biopsies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

W Nathaniel BrennenDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Yezi ZhuDepartment of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ilsa M ColemanDivision of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Susan L DalrympleDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lizamma AntonyDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Radhika A PatelDivision of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Brian HanrattyDivision of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Roshan ChikarmaneDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alan K MeekerDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
S Lilly ZhengProgram for Personalized Cancer Care, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
Jody E HooperDepartment of Pathology, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jun LuoDepartment of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Angelo M De MarzoDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Eva CoreyDepartment of Urology and.
Jianfeng XuProgram for Personalized Cancer Care, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
Srinivasan YegnasubramanianDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Michael C HaffnerDivision of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Peter S NelsonDivision of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
William G NelsonDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
William B IsaacsDepartment of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
John T IsaacsDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

Translational Bioimaging Core Shared ResourceP30CA015704 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Eric Collisson · 1985 to 2026
$296.4M
Translational Research Central ServicesP30CA006973 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAM George NELSON · 1985 to 2026
$208.6M
TRANSCRIPTOME AND PROTEOME STRATIFICATION OF PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA PHENOTYPESP50CA097186 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI PETER S NELSON · 2002 to 2026
$58.1M
TRANSGENIC MODELS FOR PROSTATE CANCER AND AUTOIMMUNITYP50CA058236 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI DENMEADE, SAMUEL R · 1992 to 2020
$43.9M
Steroid Metabolism in Castration-Resistant Prostate CancerP01CA163227 · NCI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI PETER S NELSON · 2013 to 2026
$25.0M
A First-in-Class FAP-activated Protoxin to disrupt the Tumor-Stroma Parasitic Cycle fueling lethal Prostate Cancer ProgressionR01CA255259 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BRENNEN, WILLIAM NATHANIEL · 2021 to 2025
$2.1M
Defining and Targeting Lineage Transition Programs Operative in AR Pathway Independent Prostate CancerR01CA234715 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI NELSON, PETER S · 2020 to 2024
$2.0M
The aberrant androgen receptor underlies abiraterone/enzalutamide resistanceR01CA185297 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANTONARAKIS, EMMANUEL S., LUO, JUN · 2015 to 2018
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA163227NCI NIH HHS P30 CA006973NCI NIH HHS P30 CA015704NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058236NCI NIH HHS P50 CA097186NCI NIH HHS R01 CA185297NCI NIH HHS R01 CA234715NCI NIH HHS R01 CA255259
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Resistance to AR signaling inhibitors (ARSis) in a subset of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPCs) occurs with the emergence of AR- neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) coupled with mutations/deletions in PTEN, TP53, and RB1 and the overexpression of DNMTs, EZH2, and/or SOX2. To resolve whether the lack of AR is the driving factor for the emergence of the NE phenotype, molecular, cell, and tumor biology analyses were performed on 23 xenografts derived from patients with PC, recapitulating the full spectrum of genetic alterations proposed to drive NE differentiation. Additionally, phenotypic response to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated AR KO in AR+ CRPC cells was evaluated. These analyses document that (a) ARSi-resistant NEPC developed without androgen deprivation treatment; (b) ARS in ARSi-resistant AR+/NE+ double-positive "amphicrine" mCRPCs did not suppress NE differentiation; (c) the lack of AR expression did not necessitate acquiring a NE phenotype, despite concomitant mutations/deletions in PTEN and TP53, and the loss of RB1 but occurred via emergence of an AR-/NE- double-negative PC (DNPC); (d) despite DNPC cells having homogeneous genetic driver mutations, they were phenotypically heterogeneous, expressing basal lineage markers alone or in combination with luminal lineage markers; and (e) AR loss was associated with AR promoter hypermethylation in NEPCs but not in DNPCs.

Indexed as

Abiraterone AcetateAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBenzamidesCarcinoma, NeuroendocrineCell Transformation, NeoplasticDrug Resistance, NeoplasmEnhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 ProteinMaleMiceNeoplasm TransplantationNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinProstatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantPTEN PhosphohydrolaseReceptors, AndrogenAbiraterone AcetateAntineoplastic AgentsapalutamideAR protein, humanBenzamidesEnhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 ProteinenzalutamideEZH2 protein, humanNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinPTEN PhosphohydrolasePTEN protein, humanRB1 protein, humanReceptors, AndrogenRetinoblastoma Binding ProteinsSOX2 protein, humanSOXB1 Transcription FactorsThiohydantoinsTP53 protein, humanTumor Suppressor Protein p53Ubiquitin-Protein LigasesOncologyProstate cancer

Identifiers

PMID33724955
PMCPMC8119192

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.