ArticleEMBO reports2021
ALIX and ceramide differentially control polarized small extracellular vesicle release from epithelial cells.
Article in EMBO reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertensive stretch regulates endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis through ceramide metabolism.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Lipid-manager autophagy proteins ATG2 and ATG9 regulate extracellular vesicle secretion via amphisome biogenesis and cell lipidome modulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Incorporating exosomes in tissue engineering scaffolds: pave the way toward clinical application.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Silencing the Signal: The Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1 Disrupts Small Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Mapping the miRNA landscape of primitive macrophage extracellular vesicles highlights their pro-vasculogenic effects in engineered human cardiac tissue.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Epicardial extracellular vesicles modulate gene expression following ischemia-reperfusion injury in heart-on-a-chip.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Ion channel and biophysical properties of extracellular vesicles.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Regioselective Synthesis of Ambipolar B-N Lewis Pair Functionalized Pyrenes: Structural Dynamics, Emission Tuning, and Applications in Live Cell Imaging and as Electrochemiluminescent Materials.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Alix-mediated selective packaging of β-catenin into extracellular vesicles enhances their proangiogenic function.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Shedding light on the role of extracellular vesicles in renal fibrosis.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- Microvesicles, exosomes and their combinations with cytoplasmic organelles: from their discovery to their innovative roles in clinical medicine.Biology direct · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles inEXO : beyond the cell · 2026Article
- Sphingolipid metabolism and hematologic disorders: current understanding and future directions.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Article
- 80 years of extracellular vesicles: from discovery to clinical translation.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Significance of EVs in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unveiling Heterogeneity: Innovations and Challenges in Single-Vesicle Analysis for Clinical Translation.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in cancer - therapeutic and diagnostic potential.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- ER stress induced extracellular vesicles secretion from macrophages promotes calcium oxalate crystals formation in kidney.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes, important players in cell-cell communication, are small extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin. Although single cells are known to release various kinds of exosomes (referred to as exosomal heterogeneity), very little is known about the mechanisms by which they are produced and released. Here, we established methods of studying exosomal heterogeneity by using polarized epithelial cells and showed that distinct types of small extracellular vesicles (more specifically CD9- and CD63-positive, Annexin I-negative small extracellular vesicles, which we refer to as exosomes herein) are differentially secreted from the apical and basolateral sides of polarized epithelial cells. We also identify GPRC5C (G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member C) as an apical exosome-specific protein. We further demonstrate that basolateral exosome release depends on ceramide, whereas ALIX, an ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport)-related protein, not the ESCRT machinery itself, is required for apical exosome release. Thus, two independent machineries, the ALIX-Syntenin1-Syndecan1 machinery (apical side) and the sphingomyelinase-dependent ceramide production machinery (basolateral side), are likely to be responsible for the polarized exosome release from epithelial cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.