ReviewJournal of medical virology2021
What can cerebrospinal fluid testing and brain autopsies tell us about viral neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2.
Review in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disrupted fluid homeostasis in patients with post-Covid-19 syndrome - a case series.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- BALB/c mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 β variant cause pathophysiological and neurological changes within the lungs and brains.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Post-Acute Sequelae and Mitochondrial Aberration in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Vascular Alterations Following COVID-19 Infection: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- [Subtle and subclinical neurological findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2023Observational
- Immunologic and Autoimmune-Related Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Clinical Symptoms and Mechanisms of Disease.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Article
- Mechanisms, Effects, and Management of Neurological Complications of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (NC-PASC).Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Progress in etiological diagnosis of viral meningitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Article
- Immunopathological changes, complications, sequelae and immunological memory in COVID-19 patients.Heliyon · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity in the CNS and the Aged Brain Specific Vulnerability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- 2 Years into the Pandemic: What Did We Learn About the COVID-19 and Cerebellum?Cerebellum (London, England) · 2022Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 and Vaccine on the Human Nervous System.Neuroendocrinology · 2022Review
- Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): a meta-narrative review of pathophysiology, prevalence, and management.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Infectious disease-associated encephalopathies.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Review
- What can cerebrospinal fluid testing and brain autopsies tell us about viral neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of medical virology · 2021Review
- Microbial Infections Are a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To provide instructive clues for clinical practice and further research of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we analyzed the existing literature on viral neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. To date, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain parenchyma in quite a few patients, which provide undeniable evidence for the neuroinvasive potential of this novel coronavirus. In contrast with the cerebrum and cerebellum, the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 was higher in the olfactory system and the brainstem, both of which also showed severe microgliosis and lymphocytic infiltrations. As compared with the number of patients who underwent viral testing in the central nervous system (CNS), the number of patients showing positive results seems very small. However, it seems too early to conclude that the neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 is rare in COVID-19 patients because the detection methods or sampling procedures in some studies may not be suitable or sufficient to reveal the CNS infection induced by neurotropic viruses. Moreover, the primary symptoms and/or causes of death were distinctly different among examined patients, which probably caused more conspicuous pathological changes than those due to the direct infection that usually localized to specific brain areas. Unfortunately, most autopsy studies did not provide sufficient details about neurological symptoms or suspected diagnoses of the examined patients, and the documentation of neuropathological changes was often incomplete. Given the complex pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the characteristics of neurotropic viruses, it is understandable that any study of the CNS infection may inevitably have limitations.
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