ArticleHeadache2021
Evidence that blood-CSF barrier transport, but not inflammatory biomarkers, change in migraine, while CSF sVCAM1 associates with migraine frequency and CSF fibrinogen.
Article in Headache, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct inflammatory profiles across migraine states: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Cytokines in primary headache disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Pooled it
- Serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels in migraine: a registry for migraine (REFORM) study.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Measuring blood-brain barrier dysfunction: a critical appraisal of fluid biomarkers, in vitro models, in vivo imaging, and post-mortem approaches.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Could galcanezumab modulate inflammatory cytokines? A single-centre exploratory study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- The impact of CGRP monoclonal antibodies on cytokine expression in chronic migraine: a cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Elevated Serum Levels of Acid Sphingomyelinase in Female Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Expression of miR-155 in monocytes of people with migraine: association with phenotype, disease severity and inflammatory profile.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Altered immunity in migraine: a comprehensive scoping review.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Meningeal Mechanisms and the Migraine Connection.Annual review of neuroscience · 2023Review
- Sex-specific metabolic profiling to explain the increased CVD risk in women with migraine: a narrative review.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Review
- Experimental and Clinical Investigation of Cytokines in Migraine: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Common Clinical and Molecular Pathways between Migraine and Sarcoidosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The plasma fibrinogen levels in the nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine rat model and its association between migraine-associated vestibular dysfunction.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Fibrin-Targeting Immunotherapy for Dementia.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2023Article
- Choroid plexus function in neurological homeostasis and disorders: The awakening of the circadian clocks and orexins.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Review
- Can serum neuropeptide levels help diagnose pediatric migraine? A prospective case-control study.HeadacheArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOur objective is to explore whether blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier biomarkers differ in episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM) from controls.
backgroundReports of blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) disruption in migraine vary. Our hypothesis is that investigation of biomarkers associated with blood, CSF, brain, cell adhesion, and inflammation will help elucidate migraine pathophysiology.
methodsWe recruited 14 control volunteers without headache disorders and 42 individuals with EM or CM as classified using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, criteria in a cross-sectional study located at our Pasadena and Stanford headache research centers in California. Blood and lumbar CSF samples were collected once from those diagnosed with CM or those with EM during two states: during a typical migraine, before rescue therapy, with at least 6/10 level of pain (ictal); and when migraine free for at least 48 h (interictal). The average number of headaches per month over the previous year was estimated by those with EM; this enabled comparison of biomarker changes between controls and three headache frequency groups: <2 per month, 2-14 per month, and CM. Blood and CSF biomarkers were determined using antibody-based methods.
resultsAntimigraine medication was only taken by the EM and CM groups. Compared to controls, the migraine group had significantly higher mean CSF-blood quotients of albumin (Q
conclusionsThe higher Q
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.