ReviewExpert opinion on biological therapy2021
Clinical development of retroviral replicating vector Toca 511 for gene therapy of cancer.
Review in Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-sufficient killing of malignant tumors by an engineered cancer-selective gene circuit.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated delivery boosts the efficacy of suicide gene therapy based on retroviral replicating vectors in peritoneally disseminated cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Non-lytic viral immunotherapy induces long-term glioblastoma survival and tumor-specific immunity without eliciting an antiviral response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gammaretrovirus Infections in Humans in the Past, Present, and Future: Have We Defeated the Pathogen?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Risks of replication-competent retro/lentivirus from associated vector systems: Is it time for a roadmap toward reduced testing?Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy and targeted therapy for high grade gliomas: current and future directions.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- A phase 1B trial of vocimagene amiretrorepvec in patients with advanced solid tumors: Safety, tumor homing, and immune modulatory effects.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas.Cancers · 2025Review
- Adeno-associated virus vector modification based on directed evolution technology for gene therapy targeting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Unmasking the potential: mechanisms of neuroinflammatory modulation by oncolytic viruses in glioblastoma.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- Interferon regulatory factor 8-driven reprogramming of the immune microenvironment enhances antitumor adaptive immunity and reduces immunosuppression in murine glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Therapeutic activity of retroviral replicating vector-mediated gene therapy in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody in a murine pancreatic cancer model.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- Novel Clinical Trials and Approaches in the Management of Glioblastoma.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- IRF8-driven reprogramming of the immune microenvironment enhances anti-tumor adaptive immunity and reduces immunosuppression in murine glioblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Targeted Suicide Gene Therapy with Retroviral Replicating Vectors for Experimental Canine Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Retroviral Replicating Vectors Mediated Prodrug Activator Gene Therapy in a Gastric Cancer Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe use of tumor-selectively replicating viruses is a rapidly expanding field that is showing considerable promise for cancer treatment. Retroviral replicating vectors (RRV) are unique among the various replication-competent viruses currently being investigated for potential clinical utility, because they permanently integrate into the cancer cell genome and are capable of long-term persistence within tumors. RRV can mediate efficient tumor-specific delivery of prodrug activator genes, and subsequent prodrug treatment leads to synchronized cell killing of infected cancer cells, as well as activation of antitumor immune responses. AREAS COVERED: Here we review preclinical studies supporting bench-to-bedside translation of Toca 511, an optimized RRV for prodrug activator gene therapy, the results from Phase I through III clinical trials to date, and potential future directions for this therapy as well as other clinical candidate RRV. EXPERT OPINION: Toca 511 has shown highly promising results in early-stage clinical trials. This vector progressed to a registrational Phase III trial, but the results announced in late 2019 appeared negative overall. However, the median prodrug dosing schedule was not optimal, and promising possible efficacy was observed in some prespecified subgroups. Further clinical investigation, as well as development of RRV with other transgene payloads, is merited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.