ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 255 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Computational forecasting using Swedish data in the vaccination phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review deliberating modelling relevance for public health and healthcare.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- The relative prevalence of the Omicron variant within SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts in different countries: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on the storm of inflammatory factors in respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2: an updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Summarising data and factors associated with COVID-19 related conspiracy theories in the first year of the pandemic: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.BMC psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Palmitoylethanolamide Reduces Proinflammatory Markers in Unvaccinated Adults Recently Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity, Effectiveness, and Safety of Inactivated Virus (CoronaVac) Vaccine in a Two-Dose Primary Protocol and BNT162b2 Heterologous Booster in Brazil (Immunita-001): A One Year Period Follow Up Phase 4 Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Targeting of conserved spike epitopes enables broad antibody neutralisation of diverse bat sarbecoviruses.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Breaking Trust: How Covid-19 Communication Failures Undermined Public Confidence in US Health Officials-A Narrative Review.Public health challenges · 2026Review
- Mental Health Correlates of Problematic Smartphone Use Among Multicultural Adolescents: The Findings From a National Survey in South Korea.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Post-loading ribonucleic acid into lipid nanoparticle carriers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Burnout and Insomnia Among Greek Physicians Affiliated with the Athens Medical Association After the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Contributing Factors.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Variation in antiviral immunity and inflammation pathways precedes HIV-1 infection in a high-risk African cohort.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and COVID-19: Microglia-Neutrophil Interaction.ACS omega · 2026Review
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- Modelling severe COVID-19 in TLR3-mutated hiPSCs-derived lung organoids.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Investigating the Design of ssPalmO-Derived Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery Applications Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations.ACS omega · 2025Article
- In-hospital course of children with COVID-19 infection - Results of the German nationwide inpatient sample.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Metabolomics and Cytokine Signatures in COVID-19: Uncovering Immunometabolism in Pathogenesis.Metabolites · 2025Article
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Since the initial reports of a cluster of pneumonia cases of unidentified origin in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus that causes this disease - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - has spread throughout the world, igniting the twenty-first century's deadliest pandemic. Over the past 12 months, a dizzying array of information has emerged from numerous laboratories, covering everything from the putative origin of SARS-CoV-2 to the development of numerous candidate vaccines. Many immunologists quickly pivoted from their existing research to focus on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and, owing to this unprecedented convergence of efforts on one viral infection, a remarkable body of work has been produced and disseminated, through both preprint servers and peer-reviewed journals. Here, we take readers through the timeline of key discoveries during the first year of the pandemic, which showcases the extraordinary leaps in our understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and highlights gaps in our knowledge as well as areas for future investigations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.