ReviewCell death discovery2021
Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Review in Cell death discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05536375 (A Pilot Feasibility Study of Detection of IL-11 and Other Cytokines in the Exhaled Breath Condensate), which is not on this map. Cited by 139 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Feasibility Study of Detection of IL-11 and Other Cytokines in the Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) and Blood of Healthy Volunteers
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Systems Architecture of Fibrotic Lung Microenvironment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) on asthma: a systematic review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Shared and unique transcriptomic signature genes and pathways among biopsy, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in IPF patients revealed using comparative meta-transcriptome analysis.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2024Pooled it
- Multi-omics study to elucidate molecular mechanism of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p)-induced pulmonary damage in mice.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Sinigrin Mitigates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis Partly through Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Inhaled vitamin A mitigates hyperoxia-induced acute and chronic lung damage in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prevents pulmonary fibrosis following acute COVID-19 infection associated with type 2 diabetes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Activating an interleukin 4-FLT3-STAT6 axis in multipotent progenitors restores lymphopoiesis in inflammation and aging.Immunity · 2026Article
- Inflammation-driven mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation orchestrate pulmonary fibrotic remodeling in sepsis.Redox biology · 2026Article
- How experimental models have unlocked hidden mechanisms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in pulmonary fibrosis: from brain network alterations to inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The dual balance of the cytokine network: key messengers of immune activation and triggers of cytokine storm.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Dietary Quercetin-3-Glucuronide Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibroblast Transition by Regulating Nrf2 and Autophagy in Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- The inhibitory effects ofFood science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- A Lung-Targeted Carrier of Carbon Monoxide for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from a multiscale mechanobiology perspective: Mechanisms and future therapeutic prospects.iScience · 2026Review
- TRPML1 suppresses pulmonary fibrosis by limiting collagen and elastin deposition.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Trientine ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through copper chelation and modulation of the CTR1/LOX/COL pathway.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Identification of IPF specific genes expressed by lung tissue-derived fibroblasts using next generation sequencing.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2026Article
- Relationship between habitual glucosamine use and risk of incident idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with the modification effect of genetic susceptibility: a prospective cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.