Observational studyNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Rituximab-Induced Hypogammaglobulinemia and Infections in AQP4 and MOG Antibody-Associated Diseases.
Observational study in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing Rituximab Maintenance Therapy: Outcomes of Extended-Interval Dosing in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Article
- Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Disease-Modifying Treatments.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Age, Low Immunoglobulin G, and M Serum Levels Predict Infections in People With AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD Treated With Rituximab-A Multicenter Cohort Study From the German Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS).European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Infections and hypogammaglobulinemia in myasthenia gravis patients receiving low-dose rituximab: a real-world cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Switching from Rituximab to Eculizumab in US Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Impact on Hospitalizations.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphocytopenia in patients with inflammatory neurological diseases on anti-CD20 therapy: risk of infection and infection-related mortality.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Real-world multicentre cohort study on choices and effectiveness of immunotherapies in NMOSD and MOGAD.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Outcomes and predictors of relapse and severe pneumonia in Chinese patients with AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder receiving inebilizumab: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis, Rituximab, Hypogammaglobulinemia, and Risk of Infections.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Relapses and Serious Infections in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Treated with Rituximab: A Swedish Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). Part II: Attack therapy and long-term management.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Efficacy of Rituximab Outlasts B-Cell Repopulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Time to Rethink Dosing?Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Observational
- Should anti-CD20 be used as an immune reconstitution therapy?Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Infection risk in a real-world cohort of patients treated with long-term B-cell depletion for autoimmune neurologic disease.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Observational
- Long-term Effectiveness and Safety of Rituximab in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and MOG Antibody Disease.Neurology · 2022Article
- Review
- Rituximab-Induced Hypogammaglobulinemia and Risk of Infection in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A 14-Year Real-Life Experience.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Adverse Events in NMOSD Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Hypogammaglobulinemia and Infections in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Rituximab.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Observational
- COVID-19 in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease in North America: From the COViMS Registry.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the potential association between infections and rituximab (RTX)-induced hypogammaglobulinemia among patients with CNS inflammatory diseases.
methodsWe included in a prospective observational study all consecutive adults with aquaporin 4 (AQP4) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-positive disorders treated with RTX. Dosing schedule was adapted to memory B-cell measurement.
resultsWe included 48 patients (mean age 47 [SD: 14] years; 77% females; 31 AQP4 positive and 17 MOG positive). The median follow-up was 3.6 years (range: 0.9-8.1 years). The median number of RTX infusions was 8 (range: 2-14). The median dosing interval was 6 months (range: 1.7-13.7 months). Sixty-seven symptomatic infections (SIs) were observed in 26 of 48 (54%) patients, including 13 severe infections in 9 (19%). Urinary and lower respiratory tract infections were the most frequent, representing 42% and 21% of SI. At RTX onset, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was abnormal in 3 of 48 (6%) patients. After RTX, 15 (31%), 11 (23%), 3 (6%), and 0 of 48 patients showed sustained IgG level <7, <6, <4, and <2 g/L, respectively. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, the main variables explaining the risk of SI were the presence of urinary tract dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR] = 34, 95% CI 4-262,
conclusionsRTX used as maintenance therapy in CNS inflammatory diseases is frequently associated with reduced IgG level and increases the infection risk of the most vulnerable patients.
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