ArticleGut2021
Blue poo: impact of gut transit time on the gut microbiome using a novel marker.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 126 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predicting Inter-individual Differences in Biochemical and Behavioral Response to Meals With Different Nutritional Compositions Using Metabolomic and Microbiome Profiling.
The Efficacy and Safety of WMT in the Treatment of Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of 22,710 human microbiome metagenomes defines an oral-to-gut microbial enrichment score and associations with host health and disease.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Roles of the gut microbiome in weight management.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- The Emerging Short Chain Fatty Acid Enriched Metabotype in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Potential Clinical Relevance.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Trial
- A Heat-Inactivated Two-StrainNutrients · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Inulin-induced improvements on bowel habit and gut microbiota in adults with functional constipation: findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Trial
- The Effects of a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Brain Function and Its Relation With Immunometabolic Markers and Intestinal Health in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of the HELI Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Trial
- Changing Gastrointestinal Transit Time Alters Microbiome Composition and Bile Acid Metabolism: A Cross-Over Study in Healthy Volunteers.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025Trial
- Effects and Persistence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL-99 and Fructooligosaccharides on Older Adults with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Trial
- Mode of Action of Psyllium in Reducing Gas Production from Inulin and its Interaction with Colonic Microbiota: A 24-hour, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Human Volunteers.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effects of a prebiotic formulation on the composition of the faecal microbiota of people with functional constipation.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Why probiotics fail: gut niche tension as the missing variable?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Bacterial constipation: Mucin-degrading intestinal commensal bacteria cause constipation.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Deconfounded, quantitative microbiome profiling identifies robust multiple sclerosis markers and clinical covariate associations.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Animal Models of Slow-Transit Constipation: Current Progress, Limitations, and Future Perspectives.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Gut Microbiome Diversity, Functional Potential, and Ecological Relevance of Hottentotta tamulus.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- IRS: iterative reference selection improves normalization of microbiome sequencing data.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Influence of natural variations in eating rate and bolus properties on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsGut transit time is a key modulator of host-microbiome interactions, yet this is often overlooked, partly because reliable methods are typically expensive or burdensome. The aim of this single-arm, single-blinded intervention study is to assess (1) the relationship between gut transit time and the human gut microbiome, and (2) the utility of the 'blue dye' method as an inexpensive and scalable technique to measure transit time.
methodsWe assessed interactions between the taxonomic and functional potential profiles of the gut microbiome (profiled via shotgun metagenomic sequencing), gut transit time (measured via the blue dye method), cardiometabolic health and diet in 863 healthy individuals from the PREDICT 1 study.
resultsWe found that gut microbiome taxonomic composition can accurately discriminate between gut transit time classes (0.82 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and longer gut transit time is linked with specific microbial species such as
conclusionsGut transit time, measured via the blue dye method, is a more informative marker of gut microbiome function than traditional measures of stool consistency and frequency. The blue dye method can be applied in large-scale epidemiological studies to advance diet-microbiome-health research. Clinical trial registry website https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03479866 and trial number NCT03479866.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.