ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Prevalence of scabies and impetigo in school-age children in Timor-Leste.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of scabies: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Community control strategies for scabies: A cluster randomised noninferiority trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Scabies outbreak management in a vulnerable elderly population: Evidence from northeastern Iran.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Burden of scabies and bacterial skin infection in Kiribati: results of a national population-based survey 2023.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Training of Field-Workers for Rapid Assessment of Scabies Prevalence: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Mozambique.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of scabies and impetigo: A cross-sectional study in Tutume district, Botswana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Case report of crusted scabies, brief review of its pathophysiology and latest data.AME case reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Socio-Demographic and Hygiene Factors Influencing Impetigo in Saudi Arabian Children: A Cross-Sectional Investigation.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2024Article
- Gastrointestinal Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance in School-Aged Children in Three Municipalities of Timor-Leste.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The efficacy of sampling strategies for estimating scabies prevalence.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Estimation of scabies prevalence using simplified criteria and mapping procedures in three Pacific and southeast Asian countries.BMC public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundScabies and impetigo are endemic in many tropical, low- and middle-income countries. Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin has emerged as a control strategy for these conditions. In 2019, Timor-Leste Ministry of Health planned to implement MDA including ivermectin for the control of lymphatic filariasis, so we undertook a baseline assessment of scabies and impetigo to better understand local epidemiology and contribute to future surveys assessing the impact of MDA.
methodsA cross-sectional school survey was conducted in April-May 2019 at six primary schools in a semi-urban (Dili) and two rural (Ermera and Manufahi) settings. Children under 19 years of age present at school on survey days were eligible to participate, of whom we enrolled 1183. Trained health workers interviewed and examined 1043 participants to clinically diagnose scabies using the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) diagnostic criteria, as well as impetigo. Prevalence was adjusted for age and sex. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to analyse odds of scabies and impetigo infection. All models accounted for clustering at the school level through the use of random effect terms. Population attributable risk of scabies as a cause of impetigo was also estimated.
resultsThe overall weighted prevalence of scabies was 30.6%. Children in rural Manufahi were more likely to have scabies than those in semi-urban Dili (53.6% vs 28.2%, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.5). Most cases of scabies were mild (3 to 10 lesions), and lesions were usually distributed on more than one body region. Scabies prevalence was lower among 10 to 14 year olds compared to 5 to 9 year olds. Overall weighted prevalence of impetigo was 11.3%. Relative to Dili, children in rural Ermera and Manufahi were twice as likely to have impetigo. Impetigo was twice as common in children with scabies than in those without, corresponding to an attributable risk of scabies as a cause of impetigo of 22.7%.
conclusionsScabies and impetigo prevalence in Timor-Leste is among the highest reported globally, particularly in rural areas. Scabies infestation was strongly associated with impetigo. Comprehensive control strategies are urgently needed in Timor-Leste.
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