ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2021
Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on muscle cramp susceptibility of young men.
Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Electrolytes in Muscle Pain Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Implications for Temporomandibular Disorder.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the gut-exercise link: A systematic review of gastrointestinal disorders in physical activity.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Physiological Benefits and Performance of Sea Water Ingestion for Athletes in Endurance Events: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Seawater Hydration Modulates IL-6 and Apelin Production during Triathlon Events: A Crossover Randomized Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Revisiting the need for innovative oral hydration technologies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The Effects of Consuming Mineral Water from the "Topla Voda" Spring on the Body Composition and Functional and Biochemical Parameters of Professional Male Handball Athletes: A Pilot Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Inappropriate timing of salt intake increases the risk of heat-related illness: An observational study.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Heat acclimation with probiotics-based ORS supplementation alleviates heat stroke-induced multiple organ dysfunction via improving intestinal thermotolerance and modulating gut microbiota in rats.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Compositional Aspects of Beverages Designed to Promote Hydration Before, During, and After Exercise: Concepts Revisited.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Programmed vs. Thirst-Driven Drinking during Prolonged Cycling in a Warm Environment.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMuscle cramp is a painful, involuntary muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise muscle cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise.
methodsTen men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35-36 °C) for 40-60 min to reduce 1.5-2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf muscle cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance.
resultsThe average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P < 0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P > 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05).
conclusionsThese results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased muscle cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.
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Registered trials
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