ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2021
Muscle volume imbalance may be associated with static posterior humeral head subluxation.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Approach to Inconclusive Subscapularis Tear Diagnosis: a Meta-analysis.International journal of sports medicine · 2024Pooled it
- [Static posterior humeral subluxation without osteoarthritis (posterior shoulder instability type C1) : Where does it come from and is there a solution?]Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Is acromial morphology different in patients with eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis?Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery · 2026Article
- Preosteoarthritic static posterior humeral subluxation in young adults (posterior shoulder instability type C1): associative factors, diagnosis, and treatment.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2025Review
- Analysis of osseous shoulder morphology and muscle volume in concentric and eccentric osteoarthritis of the shoulder.JSES international · 2025Article
- Good functional outcome but high rates of instability recurrence after posterior open-wedge glenoid osteotomy for the treatment of posterior shoulder instability with increased glenoid retroversion at mid-term follow-up.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Article
- Sectional measurements of shoulder muscle volume and computed tomography density in anterior shoulder instability.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder instability based on the ABC classification.EFORT open reviews · 2024Review
- Differences in Osseous Shoulder Morphology, Scapulothoracic Orientation, and Muscle Volume in Patients With Constitutional Static Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type C1) Compared With Healthy Controls.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Arthroscopic Posterior Articular Coverage and Shift (PACS) Procedure for Treatment of Preosteoarthritic Constitutional Static Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type C1).The American journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
- [Development of a risk stratification model for subscapularis tendon tear based on patient-specific data from 528 shoulder arthroscopy].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2022Article
- Identifying key factors associated with subscapularis tendon tears and developing a risk prediction model to assist diagnosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe transverse force couple (TFC) of the rotator cuff (subscapularis vs. infraspinatus and teres minor muscle) is an important dynamic stabilizer of the shoulder joint in the anterior-posterior direction. In patients with posterior static subluxation of the humeral head (PSSH), decentration of the humeral head posteriorly occurs, which is associated with premature arthritis. We hypothesize that not only pathologic glenoid retroversion but also chronic muscle volume imbalance in the transverse force couple leads to PSSH.
methodsA retrospective analysis of the TFC muscle volumes of 9 patients with symptomatic, atraumatic PSSH, within 8 were treated with glenoid correction osteotomy, was conducted. The imaging data (CT) of 9 patients/10 shoulders of the full scapula and shoulder were analyzed, and the muscle volumes of the subscapularis (SSC), infraspinatus (ISP) and teres minor muscles (TMM) were measured by manually marking the muscle contours on transverse slices and calculating the volume from software. Furthermore, the glenoid retroversion and glenohumeral distance were measured.
resultsThe mean glenoid retroversion was - 16° (- 7° to - 31°). The observed mean glenohumeral distance was 4.0 mm (0 to 6.8 mm). Our study population showed a significant muscle volume imbalance between the subscapularis muscle and the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles (192 vs. 170 ml; p = 0.005). There was no significant correlation between the subscapularis muscle volume and the glenohumeral distance (r = 0.068), (p = 0.872).
conclusionThe muscle volume of the SSC in patients with PSSH was significantly higher than the muscle volume of the posterior force couple (ISP and TMM). This novel finding, albeit in a small series of patients, may support the theory that transverse force couple imbalance is associated with PSSH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4 - Case series with no comparison group.
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