Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33721818›Full record

ReviewEBioMedicine2021

Molecular diagnostic assays for the detection of common bacterial meningitis pathogens: A narrative review.

Kanny Diallo, Vitalis F Feteh, Lilian Ibe, Martin Antonio, Dominique A Caugant, Mignon du Plessis, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Ian M Feavers, Katya Fernandez, LeAnne M Fox and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. A novel real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of the four main causes of bacterial meningitis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. When Fever Strikes Twice: A Case Report ofInfectious disease reports · 2025
    Article
  11. The microbiological characteristics and diagnosis ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Frontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Microorganisms · 2024
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.

Kanny DialloDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
Vitalis F FetehDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
Lilian IbeDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
Martin AntonioWHO Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, Gambia; Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Dominique A CaugantWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0213, Norway.
Mignon du PlessisA division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ala-Eddine DeghmaneInstitut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.
Ian M FeaversDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom.
Katya FernandezWHO Infectious Hazard Management, Geneva, Switzerland.
LeAnne M FoxNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, United States.
Charlene M C RodriguesDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Olivier RonveauxWHO Infectious Hazard Management, Geneva, Switzerland.
Muhamed-Kheir TahaInstitut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.
Xin WangNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, United States.
Angela B BrueggemannNuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
Martin C J MaidenDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom.
Odile B HarrisonDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom. Electronic address: odile.harrison@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
University of Oxford · GBCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USInstitut Pasteur · FRLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBNational Health Laboratory Service · ZANorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOSt George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/P028071/1World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial meningitis is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Rapid identification of the aetiological agent of meningitis is essential for clinical and public health management and disease prevention given the wide range of pathogens that cause the clinical syndrome and the availability of vaccines that protect against some, but not all, of these. Since microbiological culture is complex, slow, and often impacted by prior antimicrobial treatment of the patient, molecular diagnostic assays have been developed for bacterial detection. Distinguishing between meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus agalactiae and identifying their polysaccharide capsules is especially important. Here, we review methods used in the identification of these bacteria, providing an up-to-date account of available assays, allowing clinicians and diagnostic laboratories to make informed decisions about which assays to use.

Indexed as

DNA, BacterialHaemophilus influenzaeHumansLatex Fixation TestsMeningitis, BacterialNeisseria meningitidisNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesPoint-of-Care SystemsStreptococcus agalactiaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeDNA, BacterialBacteriaLAMP assayMeningitisMolecular diagnosticsPCRRT-PCRWhole Genome Sequence data

Identifiers

PMID33721818
PMCPMC7957090
OpenAlexW3130451557

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.