ReviewMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2021
An updated review of epidemiology, risk factors, and management of male breast cancer.
Review in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global diversities of disability caused by breast cancer in 204 countries and territories: a secondary analysis from global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Global burden of breast cancer and its association with red meat consumption: spatiotemporal trends, projections, and triangulation of evidence.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Case report of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast in a Pakistani male aged 55.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Global trends and disease burden of elderly male breast cancer, 1990-2021: a population-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study.JMIR cancer · 2025Article
- Recent advancements in nanomaterial-based biosensors for diagnosis of breast cancer: a comprehensive review.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Male Breast Cancer, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Triple-Negative Male Breast Cancer Presenting as Cutaneous Metastasis: A Diagnostic Rarity.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2025Article
- Mucinous carcinoma in a male breast with skin ulcer: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Male Breast Cancer: Evaluating the Current Landscape of Diagnosis and Treatment.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Review
- Male Breast Cancer Biology, Screening, Treatment, and Follow-Up: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Health Promoting Behaviors among Reproductive Age Women in Serbia: The Results from a National Health Survey.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Patients' Perceptions and Attitudes to the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Male ductal carcinoma in situ: diagnosis and management of a rare disease in men.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Breast Cancer: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach from Imaging to Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Exosomal microRNAs in breast cancer: towards theranostic applications.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Review
- Nanomedicine-Based Drug-Targeting in Breast Cancer: Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Progress, and Challenges.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Factors affecting the economic burden of breast cancer in southern Iran.BMC health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unlike female breast cancer, male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and not very well understood. Prospective data in the management of MBC are lacking and majority of treatment strategies are adopted from the established guidelines for breast cancer in women. The understanding of biology, clinical presentation, genetics, and management of MBC is evolving but there still remains a large knowledge gap due to the rarity of this disease. Older age, high estradiol levels, klinefelter syndrome, radiation exposure, gynecomastia, family history of breast cancer, BRCA2 and BRCA1 mutation are some of the known risk factors for MBC. Routine screening mammography is not recommended for asymptomatic men. Diagnostic mammogram with or without ultrasound should be considered if there is a suspicion for breast mass. Majority of men with early-stage breast cancer undergo mastectomy whereas breast conserving surgery (BCS) with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) remains an alternative option in selected cases. Since the majority of MBC are hormone receptor positive (HR+), adjuvant hormonal therapy is required. Tamoxifen for a total of 5 to 10 years is the mainstay adjuvant hormonal therapy. The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer is uncertain and not commonly used. The role of gene recurrence scores like oncotype Dx and mammaprint is evolving and can be used as an aid for adjuvant chemotherapy. Majority of metastatic MBC are treated with hormonal therapy with either tamoxifen, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) with aromatase inhibitors (AI), or fulvestrant. Chemotherapy is reserved for patients with visceral crisis or rapidly growing tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.