ArticleClimacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society2021
Premature or early bilateral oophorectomy: a 2021 update.
Article in Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's midlife: the front line of Alzheimer prevention.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Engineering ovarian tissue via biofabrication and 3D bioprinting: Challenges and emerging perspectives.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- A case of bilateral oophorectomy in a 40-day-old female due to a misdiagnosis of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Article
- Breast Cancer Risk After Hysterectomy: A Health Insurance Database-Based Analysis.Journal of breast cancer · 2025Article
- Exploring the link between adverse childhood experiences and cancer development - insights and intervention recommendations from a scoping review.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Effects of Early Midlife Ovarian Removal on Medial Temporal Lobe Gray Matter Volume and Recognition Memory.Hippocampus · 2025Article
- Early midlife ovarian removal is associated with lower posterior hippocampal function.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Rising premature menopause and variations by education level in India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risks and benefits of hormone therapy after menopause for cognitive decline and dementia: A conceptual review.Maturitas · 2024Review
- Frequency and type of premature or early menopause in a geographically defined American population.Maturitas · 2023Article
- Cognitive Decline in Early and Premature Menopause.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Long-Term Non-Cancer Risks in People withCancers · 2023Review
- Estrogen and dementia.Maturitas · 2022Article
- Association of Premenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy With Parkinsonism and Parkinson Disease.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Adverse childhood experiences are associated with increased risk of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy: A national retrospective cohort study of women in England.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022Article
- Yin Huo Tang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, relives ovariectomy and empty bottle stimulation-induced menopause-like symptoms in mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this invited review, we discuss some unresolved and controversial issues concerning premature (<40 years) or early (40-45 years) bilateral oophorectomy. First, we clarify the terminology. Second, we summarize the long-term harmful consequences of bilateral oophorectomy. Third, we discuss the restrictive indications for bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women to prevent ovarian cancer that are justified by the current scientific evidence. Fourth, we explain the importance of estrogen replacement therapy when bilateral oophorectomy is performed. Hormone replacement therapy is indicated after bilateral oophorectomy until the age of expected natural menopause like in premature or early primary ovarian insufficiency. Fifth, we discuss the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, adverse adult experiences, mental health, gynecologic symptoms and bilateral oophorectomy. The acceptance and popularity of bilateral oophorectomy over several decades, and its persistence even in the absence of supporting scientific evidence, suggest that non-medical factors related to sex, gender, reproduction, cultural beliefs and socioeconomic structure are involved. We discuss some of these non-medical factors and the need for more research in this area.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.