Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33719697›Full record

ArticleJournal of primary care & community health

Increased COVID-19-related fear and subjective risk perception regarding COVID-19 affects behavior in individuals with internal high-risk diseases.

Hannah Kohler, Alexander Bäuerle, Adam Schweda, Benjamin Weismüller, Madeleine Fink, Venja Musche, Anita Robitzsch, Corinna Pfeiffer, Anke-Verena Benecke, Nora Dörrie and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of primary care & community health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Understanding the Psychological Impacts of Shielding From COVID-19 for Immunocompromised Individuals.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
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  17. Cessation of Face Mask Use after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Diabetes: Prevalence and Determinants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Hannah KohlerUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8855-2699
Alexander BäuerleUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1488-8592
Adam SchwedaUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Benjamin WeismüllerUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Madeleine FinkUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Venja MuscheUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Anita RobitzschUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Corinna PfeifferUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Anke-Verena BeneckeUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Nora DörrieUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Dagmar FührerUniversity Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Christian TaubeUniversity Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany.
Tienush RassafUniversity Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Martin TeufelUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Eva-Maria SkodaUniversity of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
University of Duisburg-Essen · DEEssen University Hospital · DERuhrlandklinik · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been keeping the world in suspense. Proven risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 are common diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular or respiratory disorders. Until today, little is known about the psychological burden of individuals suffering from these high-risk diseases regard to COVID-19. The aim of the study was to define the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on behavior and mental health in individuals at high risk for developing a severe COVID-19 course. Items assessed generalized anxiety (GAD-7), COVID-19-related fear, adherent/dysfunctional safety behavior, and the subjective risk perception of regarding symptoms, having a severe course and dying because of COVID-19. Data were compared between participants with the high risk diseases and individuals without any of those diseases. 16,983 respondents completed the study. Generalized anxiety, COVID-19-related fear, adherent/dysfunctional safety behavior and subjective risk perception were elevated in participants with high-risk diseases. The increased COVID-19-related fear as a functional concern is a conclusion on the increased risk of a severe course. The functionality of the fear is reflected in people's increased need for security and includes an increase in both adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior that underlines the need for psychological support strategies.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAdolescentAdultAgedAnxietyComorbidityCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesFearFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultimorbidityanxietycomorbiditiesCOVID-19mental healthmultimorbiditysafety behavior

Identifiers

PMID33719697
PMCPMC8851367
OpenAlexW3135864722

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.