Observational studyFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
T-Helper Cell Subset Response Is a Determining Factor in COVID-19 Progression.
Observational study in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 pandemic: the delta variant, T-cell responses, and the efficacy of developing vaccines.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Pooled it
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 as Cause of Viral Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of new adjuvants in enhancing the immune response to a candidate of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cellular Immune Response Induced by mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- The immune dysregulation of fibrosis: insights into immune-fibrotic crosstalk and potential therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cellular Immunological Memory T Cells andDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunity in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical Manifestations and Cytokine Profiles of the Th1, Th2, and Th17 Response Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised Critically Ill Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnosis-A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Elevated IL-6 and IL-10 Levels as Prognostic Biomarkers in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Comparative Study in Mexican Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sustained exposure to multivalent antigen-decorated nanoparticles generates broad anti-coronavirus responses.Matter · 2025Article
- Myeloid-Driven Immune Suppression Subverts Neutralizing Antibodies and T Cell Immunity in Severe COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Effector CD8 T cell differentiation in primary and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.Communications biology · 2025Article
- High nasopharyngeal and serum IL-6 levels and the - 573G > C polymorphism (rs1800796) are linked with the risk of severe COVID-19 in a Mexican population: a case‒control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Eosinophils and COVID-19: Insights into immune complexity and vaccine safety.Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Review
- Bayesian Modeling of the Impact of HBOT on the Reduction in Cytokine Storms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses.Viruses · 2025Review
- Mass Cytometry Analysis of High-Dimensional Single-Cell Immune Profiles in ZF2001-Vaccinated Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Immune responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis following COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune response type organized against viral infection is determinant in the prognosis of some infections. This work has aimed to study Th polarization in acute COVID-19 and its possible association with the outcome through an observational prospective study. Fifty-eight COVID-19 patients were recruited in the Medicine Department of the hospital "12 de Octubre," 55 patients remaining after losses to follow-up. Four groups were established according to maximum degree of disease progression. T-helper cell percentages and phenotypes, analyzed by flow cytometer, and serum cytokines levels, analyzed by Luminex, were evaluated when the microbiological diagnosis (acute phase) of the disease was obtained. Our study found a significant reduction of %Th1 and %Th17 cells with higher activated %Th2 cells in the COVID-19 patients compared with reference population. A higher percent of senescent Th2 cells was found in the patients who died than in those who survived. Senescent Th2 cell percentage was an independent risk factor for death (OR: 13.88) accompanied by the numbers of total lymphocytes (OR: 0.15) with an AUC of 0.879. COVID-19 patients showed a profile of pro-inflammatory serum cytokines compared to controls, with higher levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-15, and IP-10. IL-10 and IL-13 were also elevated in patients compared to controls. Patients who did not survive presented significantly higher levels of IL-15 than those who recovered. No significant differences were observed according to disease progression groups. The study has shown that increased levels of IL-15 and a high Th2 response are associated with a fatal outcome of the disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.