ArticleOncoimmunology2021
Galectin-3 inhibition with belapectin combined with anti-OX40 therapy reprograms the tumor microenvironment to favor anti-tumor immunity.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibody-lectin chimeras for glyco-immune checkpoint blockade.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Glycobiology-driven therapeutic targeting of glycan-binding proteins: mechanisms, diseases, and clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- SOX9 represses the human galectin-3 promoter in SW1353 cells: potential implications for osteoarthritis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Galectins at the crossroads of tumor immunity, metabolism, and metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic resistance, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Novel Sulfated Oligosaccharide DP9 from Marine Algae,Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages: untapped molecular targets to improve T cell-based immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- The Predictive Significance of Galectin 3 Expression in Patients with Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer without EGFR or ALK Mutations Treated Platinum-Based Doublet Chemotherapy.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Selective Glycopolymer Inhibitors of Galectin-3: Supportive Anti-Cancer Agents Protecting Monocytes and Preserving Interferon-Gamma Function.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- NPRL2 promotes TRIM16-mediated ubiquitination degradation of Galectin-3 to prevent CD8Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Gal-3 blocks the binding between PD-1 and pembrolizumab.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Multifunctional Nanovaccine Sensitizes Breast Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Therapy.Advanced functional materials · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppression in colorectal cancer and related therapies.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic targets to overcome tumor immune evasion.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Revisiting Multi-Omics Data to Unravel Galectins as Prognostic Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs emerge as a novel signature for predicting prognosis in prostate carcinoma and functional experimental validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death elicited by radiation therapy.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Galectin inhibitors and nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- Natural plant-derived polysaccharides targeting macrophage polarization: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Targeting galectin-driven regulatory circuits in cancer and fibrosis.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treatment with an agonist anti-OX40 antibody (aOX40) boosts anti-tumor immunity by providing costimulation and driving effector T cell responses. However, tumor-induced immune suppression contributes significantly to poor response rates to aOX40 therapy, thus combining aOX40 with other agents that relieve tumor-mediated immune suppression may significantly improve outcomes. Once such target is galectin-3 (Gal-3), which drives tumor-induced immunosuppression by increasing macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization, restricting TCR signaling, and inducing T cell apoptosis. A wide-variety of tumors also upregulate Gal-3, which is associated with poor prognosis. Tumor-bearing (MCA-205 sarcoma, 4T1 mammary carcinoma, TRAMP-C1 prostate adenocarcinoma) mice were treated with a Gal-3 inhibitor (belapectin; GR-MD-02), aOX40, or combination therapy and the extent of tumor growth was determined. The phenotype and function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry, multiplex cytokine assay, and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Gal-3 inhibition synergized with aOX40 to promote tumor regression and increase survival. Specifically, aOX40/belapectin therapy significantly improved survival of tumor-bearing mice through a CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.