ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Shape and Function of Interstitial Chemokine CCL21 Gradients Are Independent of Heparan Sulfates Produced by Lymphatic Endothelium.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Characterization of Endothelial Cell Subclusters in Localized Scleroderma Skin with Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies NOTCH Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Spatially targeted chemokine exocytosis guides transmigration at lymphatic endothelial multicellular junctions.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Lymphatic trafficking of immune cells and insights for cancer metastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- Revisiting Cardiac Biology in the Era of Single Cell and Spatial Omics.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.Advances in cancer research · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory properties of the lymphatic endothelium in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Lipedema: Insights into Morphology, Pathophysiology, and Challenges.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Leukocyte Trafficking in Lymphatic Vessels.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2022Review
- Lymphatic Vascular Permeability.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2022Review
- Role of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in immune cell recruitment.International journal of experimental pathology · 2022Review
- Imaging leukocyte migration through afferent lymphatics.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- In Sickness and in Health: The Immunological Roles of the Lymphatic System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- A Novel Immune-Related Seventeen-Gene Signature for Predicting Early Stage Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gradients of chemokines and growth factors guide migrating cells and morphogenetic processes. Migration of antigen-presenting dendritic cells from the interstitium into the lymphatic system is dependent on chemokine CCL21, which is secreted by endothelial cells of the lymphatic capillary, binds heparan sulfates and forms gradients decaying into the interstitium. Despite the importance of CCL21 gradients, and chemokine gradients in general, the mechanisms of gradient formation are unclear. Studies on fibroblast growth factors have shown that limited diffusion is crucial for gradient formation. Here, we used the mouse dermis as a model tissue to address the necessity of CCL21 anchoring to lymphatic capillary heparan sulfates in the formation of interstitial CCL21 gradients. Surprisingly, the absence of lymphatic endothelial heparan sulfates resulted only in a modest decrease of CCL21 levels at the lymphatic capillaries and did neither affect interstitial CCL21 gradient shape nor dendritic cell migration toward lymphatic capillaries. Thus, heparan sulfates at the level of the lymphatic endothelium are dispensable for the formation of a functional CCL21 gradient.
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