ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Multi-Source Pathways of T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regulation of follicular helper T cell subset differentiation in health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Tfh Cells in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Current Concept.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Bcl6 expression is associated with a distinct immune landscape and spatial transcriptome in COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Article
- NETs promote fibroblast-like synoviocytes producing IL-6 to enhance T follicular helper cell response in rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- A model of early-life interactions between the gut microbiome and adaptive immunity provides insights into the ontogeny of immune tolerance.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- T-Follicular Helper Cells and Their Role in Autoimmune Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Oral administration of glycyrrhizic acid with intramuscular injection of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine enhances the adaptive immune system.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Follicular helper T cells (Tfh): heterogeneity in spatial distribution and phenotypic characteristics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Modifying T cell phenotypes using TYK2 inhibitor and its implications for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.RMD open · 2024Article
- Helper T cell subsets: Development, function and clinical role in hypersensitivity reactions in the modern perspective.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Imbalance of T follicular helper cell subsets trigger the differentiation of pathogenic B cells in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- Marginal zone B cells produce 'natural' atheroprotective IgM antibodies in a T cell-dependent manner.Cardiovascular research · 2024Article
- T Cell Subsets and Immune Homeostasis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Immune Phenotype as a Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Unique Alterations in the Immune Panorama and Treg Subpopulations in Mice during the Late Stages of Echinococcus granulosus Infection.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Identification of key genes and imbalance of immune cell infiltration in immunoglobulin A associated vasculitis nephritis by integrated bioinformatic analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Assessing anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity in 571 vaccines by using an IFN-γ release assay.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Characteristics and Roles of T Follicular Helper Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response.Vaccines · 2022Review
- T cell perturbations persist for at least 6 months following hospitalization for COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- T follicular helper cells improve the response of patients with chronic hepatitis B to interferon by promoting HBsAb production.Journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells participate in humoral immune by promoting inflammation and aiding B cells survival, proliferation, maturation, and generation autoantibodies. The plasticity of Tfh cells enables the immune system to adjust the direction of differentiation according to the degree of the immune response, regulate the germinal center (GC) response and maintain homeostasis. Tfh differentiation involves several signaling factors, including multiple cytokines, receptors, transcription factors and genes. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family signaling pathways are crucial for Tfh formation. However, because of the multi-factorial and multi-stage features of Tfh differentiation, every STAT member plays a role in Tfh differentiation, but is not completely depended on. With the gradual recognition of different Tfh subsets (Tfh1, Tfh2, Tfh17), the process of Tfh differentiation can no longer be explained by straight-line derivation models. In this review, we summarize the roles of different STATs in mediating Tfh subsets, analyze the contributions of mutual restraint and cooperation among cytokine-STAT signals to terminal Tfh differentiation, and clarify the multi-source pathways of Tfh differentiation with a three-dimensional illustration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.