ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021
Reported Affect Changes as a Function of Response Delay: Findings From a Pooled Dataset of Nine Experience Sampling Studies.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Capturing daily well-being: psychometric evaluation of the MHC-SF in a daily diary design.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Affective forecasting dynamics as an early intervention target in depression: evidence from ecological monitoring and temporal network analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Do delayed responses introduce bias in ecological momentary assessment? Evidence from comparisons between self-reported and objective physical activity.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- K-EmoPhone: A Mobile and Wearable Dataset with In-Situ Emotion, Stress, and Attention Labels.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Pressing Issues in Ecological Momentary Assessment.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2023Review
- Operationalizing undifferentiated affect: Validity and utility in clinical samples.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Daily-Life Social Experiences as a Potential Mediator of the Relationship Between Parenting and Psychopathology in Adolescence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Delayed responses are a common phenomenon in experience sampling studies. Yet no consensus exists on whether they should be excluded from the analysis or what the threshold for exclusion should be. Delayed responses could introduce bias, but previous investigations of systematic differences between delayed and timely responses have offered unclear results. To investigate differences as a function of delay, we conducted secondary analyses of nine paper and pencil based experience sampling studies including 1,528 individuals with different clinical statuses. In all participants, there were significant decreases in positive and increases in negative affect as a function of delay. In addition, delayed answers of participants without depression showed higher within-person variability and an initial strengthening in the relationships between contextual stress and affect. Participants with depression mostly showed the opposite pattern. Delayed responses seem qualitatively different from timely responses. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these differences.
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Registered trials
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