ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2021
New therapeutic options for persistent low-level viremia in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Increase of entecavir dosage.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of low-level viremia in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Serological and Demographic Correlates of HBV DNA Detection Below the Limit of Quantification in Treated Chronic Hepatitis B and HBsAg-Negative Patients.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Antiviral drug discovery and development: challenges and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hepatitis B surface antigen negative vaccinated healthcare workers in East Gojjam zone hospitals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Predictors of low-level viremia in chronic hepatitis B and the efficacy of pegylated interferon-alpha: a real-world study.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Downregulation of Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression Among Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Human Patients.Cureus · 2025Article
- Unveiling low level viremia in chronic hepatitis B: challenges and new horizons.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: safe and effective option for managing high-viral-load chronic hepatitis B.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Small Molecule Drugs Targeting Viral Polymerases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Risk factors related to low-level viraemia in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving entecavir treatment.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- [Analysis of efficacy and factors influencing sequential combination therapy with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate after treatment with entecavir in chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level viremia].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- [Demographic characteristics and associated influencing factors in treated patients with chronic hepatitis B with hypoviremia : a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low-Level Viremia in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients After Long-Term Therapy with Nucleos(t)ide Analogs.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Heterogeneity of immune control in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Clinical implications on immunity with interferon-α treatment and retreatment.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Network pharmacology andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- [Clinical significance and management strategies of low-level viremia during the treatment of chronic hepatitis B].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Article
- Antiviral Therapy Reduces Mortality in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Low-Level Hepatitis B Viremia.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) is a public health concern worldwide. Current therapies utilizing nucleos(t)ide analogs (NA) have not resulted in a complete cure for CHB. Furthermore, patients on long-term NA treatment often develop low-level viremia (LLV). Persistent LLV, in addition to causing the progression of liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma, may shed light on the current plight of NA therapy. Here, we review the literature on LLV, NA treatment, and various doses of entecavir to find a strategy for improving the efficacy of this antiviral agent. For LLV patients, three therapeutic options are available, switching to another antiviral monotherapy, interferon-α switching therapy, and continuing monotherapy. In real-world clinical practice, entecavir overdose has been used in antiviral therapy for CHB patients with NA refractory and persistent LLV, which encouraged us to conduct further in-depth literature survey on dosage and duration related entecavir studies. The studies of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics show that entecavir has the maximal selected index for safety, and has great potential in inhibiting HBV replication, in all of the NAs. In the particular section of the drug approval package published by the United States Food and Drug Administration, entecavir doses 2.5-20 mg/d do not increase adverse events, and entecavir doses higher than 1.0 mg/d might improve the antiviral efficacy. The literature survey led us to two suggestions: (1) Increasing entecavir dose to 1.0 mg/d for the treatment of NA naïve patients with HBV DNA >2 × 10
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.