SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2021
Telemedicine to deliver diabetes care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of Digital Therapeutics for the Management of Adult Patients With Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of virtual care in type 2 diabetes management - a systematic umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Telemedicine in Improving Glycemic Control Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Diabetes care components effectively implemented in the ASEAN health systems: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- The Feasibility and Practical Utility of Virtual Visits for Patients with Parkinson's Disease in Different World Regions.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Tailoring interventions to close gaps in diabetes mellitus care.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Addressing Unmet Needs in the Management of Diabetes in Asia and Enhancing Diabetes Care Through the Use of Digital Technology: An Expert Opinion.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Review
- Article
- Achieving impactful treatment for paediatric endocrine disorders in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs): a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Digital Health Technology in Diabetes Management in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Narrative Review of the Current Scenario and Future Outlook.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Review
- Use of telephone calls to manage glycemic control at Mexico's northern border.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Impact of digital health on the quality of primary care for people with chronic noncommunicable diseases: A scoping review protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Infomóvel-An information system for managing HIV/AIDS patients in rural areas of Mozambique.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2023Observational
- Evaluation of Diabetes Care Performance in Cambodia Through the Cascade-of-Care Framework: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Telemedicine Management: Approaches and Perspectives-A Review of the Scientific Literature of the Last 10 Years.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Tele-Assessment of Functional Capacity through the Six-Minute Walk Test in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Validity and Reliability of Repeated Measurements.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Telemedicine for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
- Implementation of diabetes care and educational program via telemedicine in patients with COVID-19 in home isolation in Thailand: A real-worldexperience.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the effectiveness of telemedicine in the delivery of diabetes care in low- and middle-income countries.
methodsWe searched seven databases up to July 2020 for randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of telemedicine in the delivery of diabetes care in low- and middle-income countries. We extracted data on the study characteristics, primary end-points and effect sizes of outcomes. Using random effects analyses, we ran a series of meta-analyses for both biochemical outcomes and related patient properties.
findingsWe included 31 interventions in our meta-analysis. We observed significant standardized mean differences of -0.38 for glycated haemoglobin (95% confidence interval, CI: -0.52 to -0.23;
conclusionAlthough we determined that telemedicine is effective in improving several diabetes-related outcomes, the certainty of evidence was very low due to substantial heterogeneity and risk of bias.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.