Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33716086›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of hospital infection2021

COVID-19 outbreak and healthcare worker behavioural change toward hand hygiene practices.

F Huang, M Armando, S Dufau, O Florea, P Brouqui, S Boudjema

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of hospital infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  6. Update on infection prevention in the ICU.Current opinion in critical care · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

F HuangAix Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. Electronic address: fanyu.huang@etu.univ-amu.fr.
M ArmandoAix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology (UMR 7290), Marseille, France.
S DufauAix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratory of Cognitive Psychology (UMR 7290), Marseille, France.
O FloreaAP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
P BrouquiAix Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
S BoudjemaAix Marseille Université, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected healthcare workers (HCWs) in their clinical practice. HCWs were challenged with new guidelines and practices to protect themselves from occupational risks.

aimTo determine whether hand hygiene behaviour by real-time measurement was related to the dynamic of the epidemic, and the type of patient being cared for in France.

methodsThis study used an automated hand hygiene recording system to measure HCW hand hygiene on entry to and exit from patient rooms throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The correlation between hand hygiene compliance and COVID-19 epidemiological data was analysed. Analysis of variance was performed to compare compliance rate during the different periods of the epidemic.

findingsHCW hand hygiene rate on room entry decreased over time; on room exit, it increased by 13.73% during the first wave of COVID-19, decreased by 9.87% during the post-lockdown period, then rebounded by 2.82% during the second wave of the epidemic. Hand hygiene during patient care and hand hygiene on room exit had a positive relationship with the local COVID-19 epidemic; conversely, hand hygiene on room entry did not depend on the trend of the epidemic, nor on nursing of COVID-19 patients, and it decreased over time.

conclusionHCWs modified their behaviours to face the risk propensity of the pandemic. However, to improve the poor compliance at room entry, reducing confusion between the hand hygiene recommendation and glove recommendation may be necessary; disinfection of gloving hands might solve this issue.

Indexed as

AdultCOVID-19Cross InfectionFemaleFranceGuideline AdherenceHand HygieneHealth PersonnelHumansInfection ControlMaleMiddle AgedOccupational DiseasesPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Automated hand-hygiene monitoringComplianceCOVID-19Cross-transmissionInfection controlReal-time measurement

Identifiers

PMID33716086
PMCPMC7948529

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.