ReviewBiological psychiatry2022
Sex Differences in Neurodegeneration: The Role of the Immune System in Humans.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in neural circuit remodeling: multidimensional control in homeostasis and neuropathology.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Biological sex differences in neurodegenerative diseases in Africa: a scoping review of evidence and research gaps.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Impact of sex differences on microglial function in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Sex-specific retina-brain signatures link ERα/ERβ imbalance with gliosis in Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in microglia morphology and function across the lifespan are mediated by the early hormone environment.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Interactions in Neurodegeneration: The Role of Microglia in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Cholinergic regulation of neuroinflammation: linking microglia, immunometabolism, and neuromodulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single-cell landscape of sex-specific drivers of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Cyclooxygenase-1 deletion in 5 × FAD mice protects against microglia-induced neuroinflammation and mitigates cognitive impairment.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota-Based Interventions for Parkinson's Disease: Neuroprotective Mechanisms and Current Perspective.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Comorbidities associated with a clinically-recognized delirium diagnosis in the hospital using real world data.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Boolean Network Modeling Identifies Cognitive Resilience in the First Murine Model of Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Low-Intensity Physical Exercise is Associated with Improved Myelination and Reduced Microglial Activation in a Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Model.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Proteome profiling of cerebrospinal fluid using machine learning shows a unique protein signature associated with APOE4 genotype.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Exposure to autoimmune disorders is associated with increased Alzheimer's disease risk in a multi-site electronic health record analysis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in a Novel Mouse Model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growing evidence supports significant involvement of immune dysfunction in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, several of which also display prominent sex differences across prevalence, pathology, and symptomology. In this review, we summarize evidence from human studies of established and recent findings of sex differences in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and discuss how sex-specific central nervous system innate immune activity could contribute to downstream sex differences in these diseases. We examine human genomic and transcriptomics studies in each neurodegenerative disease through the lens of sex differences in the neuroimmune system and highlight the importance of stratifying sex in clinical and translational research studies. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the existing studies and outline recommendations for further advancing sex-based analyses to uncover novel disease mechanisms that could ultimately help treat both sexes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.