SynthesisPharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2021
Control yourself: ISPE-endorsed guidance in the application of self-controlled study designs in pharmacoepidemiology.
Synthesis in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Control yourself: ISPE-endorsed guidance in the application of self-controlled study designs in pharmacoepidemiology.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2021Pooled it
- Signals of Venous Thromboembolism Risk from Drug-Drug Interactions Involving Benzodiazepines and Other Sedative Hypnotics: Self-Controlled Case Series Analyses.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Association Between SGLT2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors Use and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: Findings From Nationwide Case-Based Analyses.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Reassessing the risk-modifying effects of novel antidiabetic agents on asthma-COPD overlap syndrome: a dose-stratified network meta-analysis of 316,832 adults from 128 randomised trials.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Opioid Therapy Tapering and Risk of Substance Use Disorder and Overdose: Differences by Opioid Dose and Duration.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- NSAIDs Use During Herpes Zoster Infection and Stroke Risk: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study.Drug safety · 2026Article
- GP Consultations for Herpes Zoster After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Self-Controlled Cohort Study Based on Electronic Health Record Data from the Netherlands.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Association between venlafaxine use and the risk of withdrawal from nonopioid substances: a nationwide, population-based study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Triptans for Migraine: Balancing Potential Vascular Risk With Meaningful Benefit.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Pharmacoepidemiology unpacked: a roadmap for junior researchers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Association Between Pneumonia Risk and Anticholinergic Burden Among Patients with Different Frailty Levels [Response to Letter].Clinical epidemiology · 2026Article
- GP Consultations for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) After mRNA and Adeno-Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccination-An Exposure-Anchored Self-Controlled Cohort Study Based on Primary Healthcare Data From the Netherlands.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- High-Throughput Screening Using the Self-Controlled Tree-Based Scan Statistic to Identify Medications Associated With Hospitalization for Severe Acute Liver Injury.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Association Between Vaccination for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Autonomic Dysfunction and Menstrual Irregularities: A Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2025Article
- ADHD drug treatment and risk of suicidal behaviours, substance misuse, accidental injuries, transport accidents, and criminality: emulation of target trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Acute cardiovascular effects associated with the use of prescription medications: A Danish nationwide screening study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Risk of new-onset polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea: a self-controlled case-series study.RMD open · 2025Article
- Grace periods and exposure misclassification in self-controlled case-series studies of drug-drug interactions.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Opioid Use After Hip Fracture and Subsequent Fracture Outcomes: A Self-Controlled Case Series Design.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeConsensus is needed on conceptual foundations, terminology and relationships among the various self-controlled "trigger" study designs that control for time-invariant confounding factors and target the association between transient exposures (potential triggers) and abrupt outcomes. The International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) funded a working group of ISPE members to develop guidance material for the application and reporting of self-controlled study designs, similar to Standards of Reporting Observational Epidemiology (STROBE). This first paper focuses on navigation between the types of self-controlled designs to permit a foundational understanding with guiding principles.
methodsWe leveraged a systematic review of applications of these designs, that we term Self-controlled Crossover Observational PharmacoEpidemiologic (SCOPE) studies. Starting from first principles and using case examples, we reviewed outcome-anchored (case-crossover [CCO], case-time control [CTC], case-case-time control [CCTC]) and exposure-anchored (self-controlled case-series [SCCS]) study designs.
resultsKey methodological features related to exposure, outcome and time-related concerns were clarified, and a common language and worksheet to facilitate the design of SCOPE studies is introduced.
conclusionsConsensus on conceptual foundations, terminology and relationships among SCOPE designs will facilitate understanding and critical appraisal of published studies, as well as help in the design, analysis and review of new SCOPE studies. This manuscript is endorsed by ISPE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.