Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33715212›Full record

ArticleJournal of traumatic stress2021

Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma-Exposed Black Adults in the United States.

Claire M Bird, E Kate Webb, Andrew T Schramm, Lucas Torres, Christine Larson, Terri A deRoon-Cassini

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of traumatic stress, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
13.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. Racial Discrimination-Related Interoceptive Network Disruptions: A Pathway to Disconnection.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026
    Article
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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Claire M BirdDepartment of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
E Kate WebbDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Andrew T SchrammDivision of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Lucas TorresDepartment of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Christine LarsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Terri A deRoon-CassiniDivision of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9485-0625
Marquette University · USMedical College of Wisconsin · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee · US

Funding

Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001436 · NCATS · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI FREED, JULIE K · 2015 to 2025
$47.5M
J. NRSA Training CoreTL1TR001437 · NCATS · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI THOMAS, DANNY GEORGE · 2015 to 2024
$3.7M
Acute Neurocognitive-affective Predictors of Chronic Post-trauma OutcomesR01MH106574 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE · PI LARSON, CHRISTINE L · 2015 to 2019
$3.1M
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health #MH106574NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001437NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001436NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH106574
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the United States, Black residents exposed to a traumatic event are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing more severe symptoms compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Although previous work has suggested a link between racial discrimination and PTSD symptoms, no studies have assessed this association in a sample of traumatic injury survivors. The current study investigated whether (a) past racial discrimination was associated with acute posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and (b) discrimination prospectively contributed to the prediction of future PTSD symptoms. African American and/or Black patients (N = 113) were recruited from an emergency department in southeastern Wisconsin. Patients in the acute postinjury phase (i.e., 2 weeks posttrauma) completed self-report measures, with PTSD symptoms assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale at 6-month follow-up. Bivariate associations indicated past racial discrimination was significantly related to acute PTSS. A multiple regression analysis revealed that pretrauma exposure to racial discrimination significantly predicted PTSD symptoms at follow-up, even after controlling for age, gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, social support, and lifetime trauma history. Our results suggest that experiences of racial discrimination add significant additional risk for PTSD symptom development following traumatic injury, R

Indexed as

RacismStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultBlack or African AmericanHumansMental HealthSurvivorsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID33715212
PMCPMC9123835
OpenAlexW3138081258

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.