ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2021
Adolescent depression, early psychiatric comorbidities, and adulthood welfare burden: a 25-year longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between mental health problems in childhood and adolescence and educational and labor market outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of register data studies.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolic-Brain Functional Coupling Mechanism Underlying iTBS Treatment for Adolescent Depression.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prevalence, severity, and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents: A cross-sectional study.World journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Twelve-month outcomes and comparative costs of internet-delivered psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Impact of a Physical Education Program on Personal and Social Responsibility and Mental Health among High-School Students.International journal of school health · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic predictors of mental health service utilization among young adults with support in daily living in Sweden: a register-based study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Remission trajectories and cognitive function in hospitalized youth with depressive episodes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Longitudinal network analysis of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidities among adolescents in regional China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Patient personality and therapist responses in the psychotherapy of adolescents with depressive disorders: toward theResearch in psychotherapy (Milano) · 2024Article
- The effect of zopiclone co-administration on sertraline initial dosage optimization in pediatric major depressive disorder patients based on model-informed precision dosing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Impact of mental disorders during education on work participation: a register-based longitudinal study on young adults with 10 years follow-up.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2023Article
- The mediating effects of personality traits on the relationship of youth conduct problems and mood disorders with adulthood suicidality.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association of common mental disorders and related multimorbidity with subsequent labor market marginalization among refugee and Swedish-born young adults.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Public interest and awareness regarding general health, sleep quality and mental wellbeing during the early COVID-19 pandemic period: An exploration using Google trends.Sleep epidemiology · 2022Article
- Efficacy and tolerability of antidepressant drugs in treatment of depression in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Association amongst social support inside or outside the family and depression symptoms: longitudinal study of urban-rural differences in China.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- After-School Extracurricular Activities Participation and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Early Adolescents: Moderating Effect of Gender and Family Economic Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Physical activity and substance use among Canadian adolescents: Examining the moderating role of school connectedness.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- A Retrospective Study on the Factors Associated with Long-Stay Hospitalization in a Child Neuropsychiatry Unit.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDepression at all ages is recognized as a global public health concern, but less is known about the welfare burden following early-life depression. This study aimed to (1) estimate the magnitude of associations between depression in adolescence and social transfer payments in adulthood; and (2) address the impact of major comorbid psychopathology on these associations.
methodsThis is a longitudinal cohort study of 539 participants assessed at age 16-17 using structured diagnostic interviews. An ongoing 25-year follow-up linked the cohort (n = 321 depressed; n = 218 nondepressed) to nationwide population-based registries. Outcomes included consecutive annual data on social transfer payments due to unemployment, work disability, and public assistance, spanning from age 18 to 40. Parameter estimations used the generalized estimating equations approach.
resultsAdolescent depression was associated with all forms of social transfer payments. The estimated overall payment per person and year was 938 USD (95% CI 551-1326) over and above the amount received by nondepressed controls. Persistent depressive disorder was associated with higher recipiency across all outcomes, whereas the pattern of findings was less clear for subthreshold and episodic major depression. Moreover, depressed adolescents presenting with comorbid anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders evidenced particularly high recipiency, exceeding the nondepressed controls with an estimated 1753 USD (95% CI 887-2620).
conclusionAdolescent depression is associated with considerable public expenditures across early-to-middle adulthood, especially for those exposed to chronic/persistent depression and psychiatric comorbidities. This finding suggests that the clinical heterogeneity of early-life depression needs to be considered from a longer-term societal perspective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.