SynthesisThe Science of the total environment2021
A systematic review of human coronaviruses survival on environmental surfaces.
Synthesis in The Science of the total environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on inanimate surfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Sun Exposure and Asthma Prevalence in Spanish Schoolchildren and Adolescents in the Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I Study: A Semi-Individual Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Synergistic control of viral persistence via wettability and ion release on antiviral coatings.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Polymer- and peptide-based antiviral surface coatings: progress, mechanistic gaps, and future directions.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Environmental factors and antimicrobial efficacy: the impact of temperature and humidity on material surfaces.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Survival of Thermostable Φ6 Genotypes in Acidic, Basic, and UV Environments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Functionalised Mesoporous Silica Thin Films as ROS-Generating Antimicrobial Coatings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and its association with meteorological, climate, and environmental factors: A systematic review.Journal of public health research · 2025Review
- TRAINERWALL: An Innovative, Cost-Effective Removable Anteroom for Pathogen Containment in Healthcare Settings.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution and meteorological factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hubei province.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Plasma Ozone and UV-C Sterilization of SARS-CoV-2 Explored through Atomic Force Microscopy.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Microbiological and decomposition analysis of mass mink burial sites during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Epidemic Characteristics and Meteorological Risk Factors of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in 151 Cities in China From 2015 to 2021: Retrospective Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Probing the Affinity of Coronavirus with Contact Surfaces in Simulated Body Fluids.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Simple colorimetric paper-based test strip for point-of-use quality testing of ethanol-based hand sanitizers.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and its surrogate, bacteriophage Phi6, on surfaces and in water.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Quantifying individual-level heterogeneity in infectiousness and susceptibility through household studies.Epidemics · 2023Article
- Detection of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (genome) on inanimate surfaces in high-touch public environmental surfaces.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led people to implement preventive measures, including surface disinfection and use of alcohol-based hand gel, in order to avoid viral transmission via fomites. However, the role of surface transmission is still debated. The present systematic review aims to summarize all the evidence on surface survival of coronaviruses infecting humans. The analysis of 18 studies showed the longest coronavirus survival time is 28 days at room temperature (RT) on different surfaces: polymer banknotes, vinyl, steel, glass, and paper banknotes. Concerning SARS-CoV-2 human infection from contaminated surfaces, dangerous viral load on surfaces for up to 21 days was determined on polymer banknotes, steel, glass and paper banknotes. For viruses other than SARS-CoV-2, the longest period of survival was 14 days, recorded on glass. Environmental conditions can affect virus survival, and indeed, low temperatures and low humidity support prolonged survival of viruses on contaminated surfaces independently of surface type. Furthermore, it has been shown that exposure to sunlight significantly reduces the risk of surface transmission. Although studies are increasingly investigating the topic of coronavirus survival, it is difficult to compare them, given the methodology differences. For this reason, it is advisable to define a reference working protocol for virus survival trials, but, as an immediate measure, there is also a need for further investigations of coronavirus survival on surfaces.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.