ArticleJournal of environmental management2021
Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study.
Article in Journal of environmental management, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Study on energy-autonomous technology for energy consumption performance and climate adaptation in independent public toilets based on DesignBuilder simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research on the construction of an indicator system for physical education teaching abilities of preschool teachers.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Potential barriers in implementing the rural toilet retrofitting project: A qualitative study in Jiaozuo, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The impact of access to sanitary toilets on rural adult residents' health: Evidence from the China family panel survey.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The provision of sanitation services for fast-growing urban populations is one of the world's urgent challenges. Hutong neighborhoods in Beijing, capital of China, cannot be rebuilt due to the protection of historical heritage, while residents still need to keep the habit of defecating in public toilets. One hundred public toilets with non-sewered sanitation in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing were visited to investigate the actual operating status in response to the "toilet revolution" campaign. The fault tree approach was used to identify the barriers toward a decent and environment-friendly public toilet and evaluate potential risks from the malfunction of various components. Four subsystems are defined and elaborated to calculate the fault possibility. These subsystems are environment- and user-friendly, regarded as ancillary facilities, and used for fecal sludge (FS) management. Statistical analysis of targeted cases indicated that fault probabilities of environmental considerations, user-friendly considerations, ancillary facilities, FS management are calculated as 0.79, 0.96, 0.96, and 0, respectively. The subsystems were weighted using a Delphi method concept. Results showed that the well operation ratio of Beijing Hutong public toilets is only 32%, and the sanitation service value chain can be further optimized. This study also provides references for other countries, which are dedicated to promoting urban sanitation and public health.
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