Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33713997›Full record

ArticleBiophysical chemistry2021

HIV-1 genomic RNA U3 region forms a stable quadruplex-hairpin structure.

Chelsea Harpster, Elaina Boyle, Karin Musier-Forsyth, Besik Kankia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biophysical chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Structural Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Chelsea HarpsterDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retroviral Research and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Elaina BoyleDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retroviral Research and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Karin Musier-ForsythDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retroviral Research and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Besik KankiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retroviral Research and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address: bkankia@chemistry.ohio-state.edu.

Funding

RNA binding and packaging by retroviral Gag proteinsR01AI153216 · NIAID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MUSIER-FORSYTH, KARIN M · 2020 to 2025
$4.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The U3 promoter region of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) has previously been shown to fold into a series of dynamic G-quadruplex structures. Among the G-quadruplexes identified in the LTR sequence, LTR-III was shown to be the most stable in vitro. NMR studies of this 28-nucleotide (nt) DNA revealed a unique quadruplex-hairpin structure. Whether the hairpin forms in RNA element is unknown and the role of the hairpin in the structure and stability of quadruplexes has not been characterized. Here, we used optical and thermodynamic studies to address these questions. The wild-type LTR-III RNA formed a monomolecular quadruplex with a parallel topology using only propeller loops, including the hairpin loop element. By comparison to the WT and variant RNAs, LTR-III DNA structures were more heterogeneous and less stable. Increased stability of the RNA suggests that the RNA quadruplex-hairpin structure may be a more attractive therapeutic target than the analogous DNA element.

Indexed as

G-QuadruplexesHIV-1Nucleic Acid ConformationRNA, Small NucleolarRNA, ViralRNA, Small NucleolarRNA, U3 small nucleolarRNA, ViralDNAHIV-1QuadruplexesQuadruplex topologyRNAThermodynamics

Identifiers

PMID33713997
PMCPMC8051326

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.