Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33713812›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2021

Zoonotic Tuberculosis - The Changing Landscape.

Richard Kock, Anita L Michel, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Esam I Azhar, Jordi B Torrelles, Simeon I Cadmus, Lucy Brunton, Jeremiah M Chakaya, Ben Marais, Leonard Mboera and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Molecular Characterization of theAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  18. Infectious disease reports · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 11 institutions in 10 countries.

Richard KockPathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK. Electronic address: rkock@rvc.ac.uk.
Anita L MichelDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa. Electronic address: anita.michel@up.ac.za.
Dorothy Yeboah-ManuBacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana. Electronic address: dyeboah-manu@noguchi.ug.edu.gh.
Esam I AzharSpecial Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: eazhar@kau.edu.sa.
Jordi B TorrellesPopulation Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. Electronic address: JTorrelles@txbiomed.org.
Simeon I CadmusDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Electronic address: sib.cadmus@ui.edu.ng.
Lucy BruntonPathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK. Electronic address: lbrunton@rvc.ac.uk.
Jeremiah M ChakayaDepartment of Medicine, Therapeutics, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine UK. Electronic address: chakaya.jm@gmail.com.
Ben MaraisFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: ben.marais@health.nsw.gov.au.
Leonard MboeraSACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: lmboera@gmail.com.
Zeaur RahimInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. Electronic address: zeaur@icddrb.org.
Najmul HaiderPathobiology and Population Sciences Department, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK. Electronic address: nhaider@rvc.ac.uk.
Alimuddin ZumlaDivision of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk.
Royal Veterinary College · GBInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDKenyatta University · KEKing Abdulaziz University · SANational Health Service · GBOnderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital · ZASouthern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance · TZTexas Biomedical Research Institute · USThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity of Ghana · GHUniversity of Ibadan · NG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite slow reductions in the annual burden of active human tuberculosis (TB) cases, zoonotic TB (zTB) remains a poorly monitored and an important unaddressed global problem. There is a higher incidence in some regions and countries, especially where close association exists between growing numbers of cattle (the major source of Mycobacterium bovis) and people, many suffering from poverty, and where dairy products are consumed unpasteurised. More attention needs to be focused on possible increased zTB incidence resulting from growth in dairy production globally and increased demand in low income countries in particular. Evidence of new zoonotic mycobacterial strains in South Asia and Africa (e.g. M. orygis), warrants urgent assessment of prevalence, potential drivers and risk in order to develop appropriate interventions. Control of M. bovis infection in cattle through detect and cull policies remain the mainstay of reducing zTB risk, whilst in certain circumstances animal vaccination is proving beneficial. New point of care diagnostics will help to detect animal infections and human cases. Given the high burden of human tuberculosis (caused by M. tuberculosis) in endemic areas, animals are affected by reverse zoonosis, including multi-drug resistant strains. This, may create drug resistant reservoirs of infection in animals. Like COVID-19, zTB is evolving in an ever-changing global landscape.

Indexed as

COVID-19TuberculosisAfricaAnimalsCattleHumansPolicySARS-CoV-2Bovine TBM orygisMycobacterium boviszooanthroponosisZoonotic TB

Identifiers

PMID33713812
PMCPMC8672060
OpenAlexW3134536653

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.