ArticleCell2021
Time-resolved systems immunology reveals a late juncture linked to fatal COVID-19.
Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
150citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
14.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omics time-series analysis in microbiome research: a systematic review.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Pooled it
- Systemic cytokines drive conserved severity-associated myeloid responses across bacterial and viral infections.Communications biology · 2025Pooled it
- Gene expression profiling of host lipid metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a systematic review and integrated bioinformatics analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 aggravation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Influence of anti-Spike protein antibody levels on tocilizumab efficacy in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a post-hoc analysis of the COVACTA trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on cytokines, chemokines, and growth factor in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Impaired function and delayed regeneration of dendritic cells in COVID-19.PLoS pathogens · 2021Trial
- A pre-trained large generative model for translating single-cell transcriptomes to proteomes.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Hierarchical classification of immune cell transcriptomes at population-scale.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- Single-cell RNA sequencing in stroke and traumatic brain injury: Current achievements, challenges and future perspectives on transcriptomic profiling.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit distinct pharyngeal mucosal B cell responses in children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CAPTAIN: a multimodal foundation model pretrained on co-assayed single-cell RNA and protein.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Widespread gene-environment interactions shape the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Nature communications · 2026Article
- ImmunoPheno: A Computational Framework for Data-Driven Design and Analysis of Immunophenotyping Experiments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exploring phenotype-related single-cells through attention-enhanced representation learning.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- PBMCpedia: a harmonized PBMC scRNA-seq database with unified mapping and enhanced celltype annotation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis of human thymus and peripheral blood unveils the dynamics of T cell development and aging.Nature aging · 2025Article
- PRRSV NSP5 orchestrates dual immune disruption by targeting NLRP3 and STING.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- The antimicrobial peptide nisin promotes host cell survival during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Virology journal · 2025Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Can LiuMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Andrew J MartinsMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
William W LauMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Office of Intramural Research, CIT, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Nicholas RachmaninoffMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Jinguo ChenNIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Luisa ImbertiCREA Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
Darius MostaghimiMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Danielle L FinkNeutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20701, USA.
Peter D BurbeloNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Kerry DobbsLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ottavia M DelmonteLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Neha BansalMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Laura FaillaMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Alessandra SottiniCREA Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
Eugenia Quiros-RoldanDepartment of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
Kyu Lee HanNIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Brian A SellersNIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Foo CheungNIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Rachel SparksMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Tae-Wook ChunLaboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Susan MoirLaboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Michail S LionakisLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
NIAID COVID Consortium
COVID Clinicians
Camillo RossiASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
Helen C SuLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Douglas B KuhnsNeutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20701, USA.
Jeffrey I CohenLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Luigi D NotarangeloLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
John S TsangMultiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: john.tsang@nih.gov.
National Institutes of Health · USAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia · ITLeidos (United States) · USNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USUniversity of Maryland, College Park · USNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research · USOffice of Extramural Research · US
Funding
Center for Human Immunology ZICAI001226 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI CHERRY, JAMES · 2018 to 2025
$34.1MRole of Viral Reservoirs in the Pathogenesis of HIV DiseaseZIAAI000851 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI CHUN, TAE-WOOK · 2009 to 2025
$29.3MRole of B Lymphocytes In HIV Infection And PathogenesisZIAAI000825 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MOIR, SUSAN · 2009 to 2025
$24.5MIntegrative analysis and modeling of human immune responses and pathologiesZIAAI001152 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI TSANG, JOHN · 2011 to 2022
$14.1MHost factors contributing to susceptibility to COVID-19 diseaseZIAAI001265 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI SU, HELEN CHUN-HUI · 2020 to 2025
$9.5MImmunologic Studies Associated with COVID-19 ZIAAI001325 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MOIR, SUSAN · 2020 to 2025
$1.3MSystems Immunology of COVID-19ZIAAI001266 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI TSANG, JOHN · 2020 to 2022
$1.2MCharacterization of host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2ZIAAI001270 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI NOTARANGELO, LUIGI · 2020 to 2025
$1.2MSerologic studies of persons with COVID-19 infectionZIAAI001258 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI COHEN, JEFFREY · 2020 to 2025
$411kCCR NIH HHS HHSN261200800001CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261200800001E
Abstract
COVID-19 exhibits extensive patient-to-patient heterogeneity. To link immune response variation to disease severity and outcome over time, we longitudinally assessed circulating proteins as well as 188 surface protein markers, transcriptome, and T cell receptor sequence simultaneously in single peripheral immune cells from COVID-19 patients. Conditional-independence network analysis revealed primary correlates of disease severity, including gene expression signatures of apoptosis in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and attenuated inflammation but increased fatty acid metabolism in CD56
Indexed as
Severity of Illness IndexAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19CytokinesDendritic CellsFemaleGene ExpressionHumansKiller Cells, NaturalLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersCytokinesCITE-seqCOVID-19exhaustionimmune juncturemixed-effect statistical modelingsingle cell multi-omicstime-resolved
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.