ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2021
Intersecting stigma and HIV testing practices among urban refugee adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda: qualitative findings.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acceptability and use of HIV self-testing among young people in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed methods systematic review.BMC primary care · 2024Pooled it
- Adapting the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework to understand the association between stigma and sleep deficiency: A systematic review.Sleep health · 2022Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Mental Health Outcomes Among Refugee Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV in Refugee Settlements in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Findings from the Tushirikiane mobile health (mHealth) HIV self-testing pragmatic trial with refugee adolescents and youth living in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Findings From the Todurujo na Kadurok (Empowering Youth) HIV Self-Testing and Edutainment Comic Randomized Controlled Trial With Refugee Youth in a Humanitarian Setting in Uganda.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareTrial
- Article
- Multilevel Determinants of HIV Prevention Among Urban Refugee Youth in Uganda: Baseline Findings from the Tushirikiane-4-Uthabiti Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Health among sexual and gender minority people affected by armed conflict and forced displacement: Call for a biocultural and minority stress framework.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Review
- Digital Health Literacy and Its Role in Awareness of and Access to Sexual Health Products and Services Among Displaced Youth in Uganda's Informal Urban Settlements: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the 10-Item HIV Stigma Scale for Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV in Rural, Southwestern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- "I'm a really hard stick": barriers, facilitators, and preferences in emergency department HIV testing among people who inject drugs.AIDS care · 2025Article
- Measuring Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Stigma Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Western Kenya: Scale Development, Validation, and Associations with PrEP Adherence.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2025Article
- Measuring mobility in HIV research in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Empowerment through knowledge: Qualitative perceptions of 'undetectable equals Untransmittable' among people living with HIV and tuberculosis in South Africa.International journal of nursing studies · 2025Article
- The consequences of climate change and male reproductive health: A review of the possible impact and mechanisms.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Low HIV Viral Load Suppression and Its Implications for Controlling HIV among Refugee Adolescents and Youth Living in Refugee Settlements in Uganda: A Cross-sectional Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Using the health belief model to examine adolescent participation in HIV prevention research in Kampala, Uganda: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Intersectional HIV stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean: Insights and pathways forward - A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The status of machine learning in HIV testing in South Africa: a qualitative inquiry with stakeholders in Gauteng province.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Contextualizing HIV testing experiences within the HIV prevention cascade: qualitative insights from refugee youth in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda.BMC public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHIV-related risks may be exacerbated in humanitarian contexts. Uganda hosts 1.3 million refugees, of which 60% are aged under 18. There are knowledge gaps regarding HIV testing facilitators and barriers, including HIV and intersecting stigmas, among urban refugee youth. In response, we explored experiences and perspectives towards HIV testing strategies, including HIV self-testing, with urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.
methodsWe implemented a qualitative study with refugee cisgender youth aged 16 to 24 living in Kampala's informal settlements from February-April 2019. We conducted five focus groups with refugee youth, including two with adolescent boys and young men, two with adolescent girls and young women and one with female sex workers. We also conducted five key informant (KI) interviews with government, non-government and community refugee agencies and HIV service providers. We conducted thematic analyses to understand HIV testing experiences, perspectives and recommendations.
resultsParticipants (n = 49) included young men (n = 17) and young women (n = 27) originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo [DRC] (n = 29), Rwanda (n = 11), Burundi (n = 3) and Sudan (n = 1), in addition to five KI (gender: n = 3 women, n = 2 men; country of origin: n = 2 Rwanda, n = 2 Uganda, n = 1 DRC). Participant narratives revealed stigma drivers included fear of HIV infection; misinformation that HIV is a "Ugandan disease"; and blame and shame for sexual activity. Stigma facilitators included legal precarity regarding sex work, same-sex practices and immigration status, alongside healthcare mistreatment and confidentiality concerns. Stigma experiences were attributed to the social devaluation of intersecting identities (sex work, youth, refugees, sexual minorities, people living with HIV, women). Participants expressed high interest in HIV self-testing. They recommended HIV self-testing implementation strategies to be peer supported and expressed concerns regarding sexual- and gender-based violence with partner testing.
conclusionsIntersecting stigma rooted in fear, misinformation, blame and shame, legal precarity and healthcare mistreatment constrain current HIV testing strategies with urban refugee youth. Findings align with the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework that conceptualizes stigma drivers and facilitators that devalue intersecting health conditions and social identities. Findings can inform multi-level strategies to foster enabling HIV testing environments with urban refugee youth, including tackling intersecting stigma and leveraging refugee youth peer support.
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