ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2021
Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: An International Multicenter Study.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04439084 (COVID-19 in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
COVID-19 in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis.Gut · 2025Guideline
- Comorbidity patterns associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes: A cohort study based on the UK Biobank.PloS one · 2025Article
- Autoimmune hepatitis under the COVID-19 veil: an analysis of the nature of potential associations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Obinutuzumab treatment for membranous nephropathy: effectiveness and safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Insight into COVID-19 associated liver injury: Mechanisms, evaluation, and clinical implications.Hepatology forum · 2024Review
- Article
- Unraveling the Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury.Viruses · 2023Review
- Autoimmune liver diseases and SARS-CoV-2.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Liver and Biliary Tract Disease in Patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 Infection.Gastroenterology clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with liver disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Impact of chronic liver disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes: Roles of stage, etiology and vaccination.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Coronavirus Disease-2019 and Implications on the Liver.Clinics in liver disease · 2023Review
- Cases of severe acute liver injury following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A population-based matched cohort study.World journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease - predictors of outcomes.World journal of virology · 2023Review
- Liver injury in COVID-19: Clinical features, potential mechanisms, risk factors and clinical treatments.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- COVID-19: Has the Liver Been Spared?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Observational
- Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Living with liver disease in the era of COVID-19-the impact of the epidemic and the threat to high-risk populations.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
48 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsData regarding outcome of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are lacking. APPROACH AND
resultsWe performed a retrospective study on patients with AIH and COVID-19 from 34 centers in Europe and the Americas. We analyzed factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, defined as the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care admission, and/or death. The outcomes of patients with AIH were compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of patients without AIH but with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and COVID-19. The frequency and clinical significance of new-onset liver injury (alanine aminotransferase > 2 × the upper limit of normal) during COVID-19 was also evaluated. We included 110 patients with AIH (80% female) with a median age of 49 (range, 18-85) years at COVID-19 diagnosis. New-onset liver injury was observed in 37.1% (33/89) of the patients. Use of antivirals was associated with liver injury (P = 0.041; OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.05-10.78), while continued immunosuppression during COVID-19 was associated with a lower rate of liver injury (P = 0.009; OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71). The rates of severe COVID-19 (15.5% versus 20.2%, P = 0.231) and all-cause mortality (10% versus 11.5%, P = 0.852) were not different between AIH and non-AIH CLD. Cirrhosis was an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH (P < 0.001; OR, 17.46; 95% CI, 4.22-72.13). Continuation of immunosuppression or presence of liver injury during COVID-19 was not associated with severe COVID-19.
conclusionsThis international, multicenter study reveals that patients with AIH were not at risk for worse outcomes with COVID-19 than other causes of CLD. Cirrhosis was the strongest predictor for severe COVID-19 in patients with AIH. Maintenance of immunosuppression during COVID-19 was not associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 but did lower the risk for new-onset liver injury during COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.