ArticleNPJ vaccines2021
Defining the root cause of reduced H1N1 live attenuated influenza vaccine effectiveness: low viral fitness leads to inter-strain competition.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines: an overview of immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Replication in human cells supersedes serum antigenic match for the in vivo efficacy of an A/H1N1pdm09 LAIV virus.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Live attenuated influenza vaccine with low proportions of defective interfering particles elicits robust immunogenicity and cross-protection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Use of equine H3N8 hemagglutinin as a broadly protective influenza vaccine immunogen.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- An Optimised Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Ferret Efficacy Model Successfully Translates H1N1 Clinical Data.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The role of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic: what have we learned?Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Influenza A virus coinfection dynamics are shaped by distinct virus-virus interactions within and between cells.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
- Respiratory Vaccination with Hemagglutinin Nanoliposomes Protects Mice from Homologous and Heterologous Strains of Influenza Virus.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the 2013-14 and 2015-16 influenza seasons, reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) was observed for the H1N1 component of the FluMist quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (QLAIV) in the USA, leading to loss of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation. Here we demonstrate in ferrets that 2015-16A/H1N1pdm09 vaccine strain A/Bolivia/559/2013 (A/BOL13) is outcompeted in trivalent (TLAIV) and QLAIV formulations, leading to reduced protection from wild-type challenge. While monovalent (MLAIV) A/BOL13 provided significant protection from wild-type virus shedding and fever at doses as low as 3.0 log
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.