Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33712063›Full record

ReviewBiomarker research2021

miR-21: a non-specific biomarker of all maladies.

Ana E Jenike, Marc K Halushka

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biomarker research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ana E JenikeDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Bldg. Rm 632B, 720 Rutland Avenue, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
Marc K HalushkaDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Bldg. Rm 632B, 720 Rutland Avenue, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA. Mhalush1@jhmi.edu.

Funding

Fine Dissection of Atherosclerosis Microenvironment RNA ExpressionR01HL137811 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HALUSHKA, MARC K · 2017 to 2020
$2.4M
xMD-miRNA-Seq estimates cell-specific miRNA expressionR01GM130564 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HALUSHKA, MARC K · 2018 to 2021
$1.2M
NHLBI NIH HHS 1R01HL137811NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL137811NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM130564NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM130564
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

miRNA-21 is among the most abundant and highly conserved microRNAs (miRNAs) recognized. It is expressed in essentially all cells where it performs vital regulatory roles in health and disease. It is also frequently claimed to be a biomarker of diseases such as cancer and heart disease in bodily-fluid based miRNA studies. Here we dissociate its contributions to cellular physiology and pathology from its potential as a biomarker. We show how it has been claimed as a specific predictive or prognostic biomarker by at least 29 diseases. Thus, it has no specificity to any one disease. As a result, it should not be considered a viable candidate to be a biomarker, despite its continued evaluation as such. This theme of multiple assignments of a miRNA as a biomarker is shared with other common, ubiquitous miRNAs and should be concerning for them as well.

Indexed as

BiomarkercancerHeart diseasemicroRNAmiR-21-5pPlasmaSerum

Identifiers

PMID33712063
PMCPMC7953557

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.