ArticlePediatric rheumatology online journal2021
Response to influenza vaccination in immunocompromised children with rheumatic disease: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Pediatric rheumatology online journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of influenza A(H3N2) component vaccine in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Influenza Vaccines for Persons Who Are Immunocompromised: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Current Evidence on Vaccinations in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Immunogenicity and safety of vaccination in children with paediatric rheumatic diseases: a scoping review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevention of illness due to infection by influenza viruses is important for children with rheumatic diseases. Biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs have become increasingly important in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and combinations of immunosuppressive drugs are used for the treatment of systemic disorders, which increase the risk of secondary immunodeficiency. Therefore, we investigated whether children with rheumatic disease can mount a protective antibody response after influenza immunization.
methodsThe prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted in Denmark during the influenza season 2015-2016. Children with rheumatic disease aged six months to 19 years were eligible. Controls were immunologically healthy children. A blood sample was collected before and after vaccination and analysed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for the 2015-2016 influenza vaccine-strains. In case of flu-like symptoms the child was tested for influenza. For statistical analyses the patients were grouped according to medical treatment or disease.
resultsA total of 226 patients and 15 controls were enrolled. No differences were found for the increase of antibodies from pre-vaccine to post-vaccine between the groups in our primary analyses: A/Cal H1N1pdm09 (p = 0.28), A/Swi H3N2 (p = 0.15) and B/Phu Yamagata (p = 0.08). Only when combining patients across groups a lower increase in antibodies was found compared to controls. Among all patients the pre-vaccine rates for seroprotection using the HI-titer cut-off ≥ 40 were 93.1-97.0 % for all three strains. For seroprotection using the HI-titer cut-off ≥ 110 the pre-vaccine rates for all patients were 14.9-43.6 % for all three strains and an increase in the proportions of patients being seroprotected after vaccination was found for A/Cal H1N1pdm09 and A/Swi H3N2. None of the children with flu-like symptoms tested positive for the vaccine strains.
conclusionsChildren with rheumatic diseases increase in antibody titres after influenza immunization, however, it remains uncertain whether a protective level is achieved.
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