ArticleWorld journal of surgical oncology2021
Oncological safety of immediate breast reconstruction with skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy: the value of tumor-to-dermis distance measured by preoperative ultrasonography.
Article in World journal of surgical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updated findings of skin flap thickness and residual breast tissue after mastectomy for breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature.Updates in surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term outcomes of skin-sparing mastectomy and nipple-sparing mastectomy versus traditional mastectomy in breast cancer: a case-control study based on preoperative ultrasound and clinical indicators.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Performance of an AI-powered visualization software platform for precision surgery in breast cancer patients.NPJ breast cancer · 2024Article
- Ultrasound Measurement of the Distance between the Breast Tumor and the Skin: A Cut-Off Value for Safe Skin Preservation - Diagnostic Accuracy Study.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Novel nomograms for predicting survival for immediate breast reconstruction patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer-a single-center 15-year experience.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- A Nomogram to Predict Noninflammatory Skin Involvement of Invasive Breast Cancer.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- A Retrospective Study of Latissimus Dorsi Flap in Immediate Breast Reconstruction.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmediate breast reconstruction with skin-sparing (SSM) or nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has become a common procedure. In this study, we evaluated the distance between breast tumor and skin in a series of patients undergoing IBR as it relates to oncologic safety, namely, the incidence of recurrence.
methodsThe distance of the tumor to the dermis, rather than the outer layer of skin, was the key parameter of our preoperative ultrasound measurements. Our data set comprised the cases of 171 patients and 181 breasts with breast cancer that had undergone two-stage breast reconstruction by expander. The median age of the patients was 47 years (25-75 years). The overall median follow-up period was 47.1 months (8.8-125.3 months). Eighty-five breasts underwent IBR with SSM/NSM; the others underwent conventional mastectomy.
resultsAmong the total of 181 reconstructed breast mounds, the locoregional recurrence rate was 1.1% (2 breasts) with no cases of skin flap recurrence or skin flap necrosis. The tumor-to-dermis distance of cases with skin preservation (NSM/SSM) was significantly less than that of cases with conventional mastectomy (3.8 ± 2.7 mm vs 5.2 ± 2.4 mm). In cases with invasive carcinoma, all cases whose tumor-to-dermis distance was less than 2 mm underwent resection of the skin immediately overlying the tumor.
conclusionsOur results suggested that a 2-mm distance between the dermis and tumor on ultrasound evaluation is sufficient for the use of this tissue as a skin flap in SSM/NSM procedures. Our study indicated that immediate breast reconstruction with SSM/NSM can be an oncologically safe surgical option for breast cancer. However, we recommend that resection of the skin overlying the tumor be performed in cases with invasive breast cancer in which the tumor-to-dermis distance is less than 2 mm.
trial registrationPatients in this study were retrospectively registered. This study design was approved by our Clinical Ethics Committee (No 1297) ( http://ciru.dept.showa.gunma-u.ac.jp/guidance/storage-sample/list.html ).
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