ArticleCell host & microbe2021
TGFβ restricts expansion, survival, and function of T cells within the tuberculous granuloma.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The immunoregulatory landscape of human tuberculosis granulomas.Nature immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Human memory CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Monocytic niches escape T cell surveillance and promote Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence in lymph nodes.Immunity · 2026Article
- SPIC-dependent erythrophagocytic macrophages drive granuloma formation and pathogen persistence during intracellular bacterial infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The immunometabolic topography of cellular organization and bacterial control in tuberculosis granulomas.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Expression of CD103 facilitates localization and activation of CD4Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- The potential value of cytokine, cortisol and vitamin D profiles in foals from birth to weaning for respiratory disease prediction on a farm endemic for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Targeting Tryptophan Metabolism for Tuberculosis Biomarkers and Host-Directed Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Macrophage adaptation to hypoxia in the tuberculous granuloma potentiates mycobacterium-induced mitochondrial damage and granuloma necrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- T cell-macrophage interactions in tuberculosis: What we've got here is failure to communicate.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Finding and filling the knowledge gaps in mechanisms of T cell-mediated TB immunity to inform vaccine design.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Differences in local immune response of bait Mycobacterium bovis heat-inactivated vaccinated badgers showing exacerbated tuberculous lesions after challenge.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early and opposing neutrophil and CD4 T cell responses shape pulmonary tuberculosis pathology.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptomic analysis of HIV and tuberculosis coinfection in a humanized mouse model reveals unique transcription patterns, immune responses and early morphological alterations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Tuberculosis: Persistence, Protection, and Pathology.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Macrophage-T cell interactions promote SLAMF1 expression for enhanced TB defense.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is a conserved early factor for exacerbating tuberculosis susceptibility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4 T cell effector function is required for optimal containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. IFNɣ produced by CD4 T cells is a key cytokine that contributes to protection. However, lung-infiltrating CD4 T cells have a limited ability to produce IFNɣ, and IFNɣ plays a lesser protective role within the lung than at sites of Mtb dissemination. In a murine infection model, we observed that IFNɣ production by Mtb-specific CD4 T cells is rapidly extinguished within the granuloma but not within unaffected lung regions, suggesting localized immunosuppression. We identified a signature of TGFβ signaling within granuloma-infiltrating T cells in both mice and rhesus macaques. Selective blockade of TGFβ signaling in T cells resulted in an accumulation of terminally differentiated effector CD4 T cells, improved IFNɣ production within granulomas, and reduced bacterial burdens. These findings uncover a spatially localized immunosuppressive mechanism associated with Mtb infection and provide potential targets for host-directed therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.