ArticlePloS one2021
Association between dementia and systemic rheumatic disease: A nationwide population-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between systemic lupus erythematosus and cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between inflammation in autoimmune disease, elevated CRP, and the risk of dementia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Association between systemic rheumatic diseases and dementia risk: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Risk of dementia or Parkinson's disease in the presence of Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Risk of cognitive disorders in patients with primary Sjögren's disease: data from Korean Health Insurance Service.RMD open · 2026Article
- Temporal incidence and impact of dementia in rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Article
- Proton pump inhibitors in systemic sclerosis: should we exercise caution? Insights from a large-scale data analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Observational
- Cognitive impairment in individuals with rheumatic diseases: the role of systemic inflammation, immunomodulatory medications, and comorbidities.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases and Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Case report: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Immune-mediated diseases are associated with a higher incidence of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 375,894 individuals.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- Depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with increased risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease: A nationwide, population-based study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSystemic rheumatic disease is characterized by autoimmunity and systemic inflammation and affects multiple organs. Few studies have investigated whether autoimmune diseases increase the risk of dementia. Herein, we evaluate the relationship between systemic rheumatic disease and dementia through a population-based study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims database.
methodsWe conducted a nationwide population-based study using the Korean NHIS database, consisting of individuals who submitted medical claims from 2002-2013. Dementia was defined as having an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) prescription along with symptoms satisfying the Alzhemier's disease (AD) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes (F00 or G30), or vascular dementia (VaD; ICD-10 or F01) criteria. Control subjects were matched to the dementia patients by age and sex. The study group was limited to those diagnosed with rheumatic disease at least 6 months prior to diagnosis of dementia. Rheumatic disease was defined by the following ICD-10 codes: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA: M05), Sjögren's syndrome (SS: M35), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE: M32), and Behcet's disease (BD: M35.2).
resultsOf the 6,028 dementia patients, 261 (4.3%) had RA, 108 (1.6%) had SS, 12 (0.2%) had SLE, and 6 (0.1%) had BD. SLE history was significantly higher in dementia patients (0.2%) than in controls (0.1%) and was associated with dementia (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-5.15). In subgroup analysis, SLE significantly increased dementia risk, regardless of dementia type (AD: OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.06-4.91; VaD: OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.36-15.14). However, these associations were not sustained in the mild CCI or elderly group.
conclusionSLE was independently associated with a higher risk of dementia, including AD and VaD when compared to the control group, even after adjustment. SLE patients (<65 years old) are a high-risk group for early vascular dementia and require screening for early detection and active prevention.
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