ArticleLangenbeck's archives of surgery2021
Using virtual 3D-models in surgical planning: workflow of an immersive virtual reality application in liver surgery.
Article in Langenbeck's archives of surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Imaging-based 3D-printed anatomical models for preoperative planning in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery: a single-center pilot study, cost analysis, and systematic review.La Radiologia medica · 2026Pooled it
- Use of Artificial Intelligence in Preoperative Planning in Surgery: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Patient-specific virtual surgical simulation: the preliminary exploration of surgical evaluation for difficult pediatric liver tumors.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- The impact of 3-dimensional models and surgical navigation for open liver surgery.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025Article
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- Review
- Evaluating Osteotomy Accuracy in Mandibular Reconstruction: A Preliminary Study Using Custom Cutting Guides and Virtual Reality.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The potential of Real-Time rendered-volume 3D Imaging in immersive virtual-reality (VR) for surgical planning in infants with congenital thoracic malformation (CTM).Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- [Virtual reality in liver surgery-Planning, advanced training, testing].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Performance of an AI-powered visualization software platform for precision surgery in breast cancer patients.NPJ breast cancer · 2024Article
- Evaluation of monocular and binocular contrast perception on virtual reality head-mounted displays.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2024Article
- Role of eXtended Reality use in medical imaging interpretation for pre-surgical planning and intraoperative augmentation.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2024Review
- A contemporary view on vascular resections and reconstruction during hepatectomies.Updates in surgery · 2024Review
- Training the Next Generation of Transplant Surgeons With a 3-Dimensional Trainer: A Pilot Study.Transplantation direct · 2024Article
- SpecReFlow: an algorithm for specular reflection restoration using flow-guided video completion.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2024Article
- The development of patient-specific 3D anatomical models in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Article
- Advances in urethral stricture diagnostics and urethral reconstruction beyond traditional imaging: a scoping review.Central European journal of urology · 2024Review
- Patient-Specific 3D Printed Soft Models for Liver Surgical Planning and Hands-On Training.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThree-dimensional (3D) surgical planning is widely accepted in liver surgery. Currently, the 3D reconstructions are usually presented as 3D PDF data on regular monitors. 3D-printed liver models are sometimes used for education and planning.
methodsWe developed an immersive virtual reality (VR) application that enables the presentation of preoperative 3D models. The 3D reconstructions are exported as STL files and easily imported into the application, which creates the virtual model automatically. The presentation is possible in "OpenVR"-ready VR headsets. To interact with the 3D liver model, VR controllers are used. Scaling is possible, as well as changing the opacity from invisible over transparent to fully opaque. In addition, the surgeon can draw potential resection lines on the surface of the liver. All these functions can be used in a single or multi-user mode.
resultsFive highly experienced HPB surgeons of our department evaluated the VR application after using it for the very first time and considered it helpful according to the "System Usability Scale" (SUS) with a score of 76.6%. Especially with the subitem "necessary learning effort," it was shown that the application is easy to use.
conclusionWe introduce an immersive, interactive presentation of medical volume data for preoperative 3D liver surgery planning. The application is easy to use and may have advantages over 3D PDF and 3D print in preoperative liver surgery planning. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the optimal presentation mode of 3D liver models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.