ReviewRheumatology (Oxford, England)2021
COVID-19 vaccination and antirheumatic therapy.
Review in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of methotrexate on the immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines in the patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence.Transplant immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Body Mass Index with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Inflammatory Arthritis Patients Receiving Biologic Therapy: Singapore National Biologics Register Findings.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Primary and Booster COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Sjögren's Disease: Data from the Longitudinal SAFER Cohort Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Prospective study of the effect of rituximab on kidney function in membranous nephropathy.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of Covishield vaccine in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Autoimmune disorders reported following COVID-19 vaccination: A disproportionality analysis using the WHO database.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Biological and glucocorticoids treatment impair the medium-term immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases.European journal of medical research · 2024Observational
- Immunosuppressants in dermatology on vaccine immunogenicity: a prospective cohort study of pemphigus patients in the pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Retention rate of biologic and targeted synthetic anti-rheumatic drugs in elderly rheumatoid arthritis patients: data from GISEA registry.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Infection and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights From the National Inpatient Sample.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- To flare or not to flare: patients' and rheumatologists' perceptions on the on-flare retreatment strategy of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Serial Humoral Immune Response according to the Immunosuppressive Treatment after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Commercial Immunoglobulin Products Contain Neutralizing Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Treatable Traits in Systemic Sclerosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory immune-mediated diseases receiving immunosuppressive treatment.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- Concerns, perceived risk, and hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccine: a qualitative exploration among university students living in the West Bank.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Molecular Mimicry and HLA Polymorphisms May Drive Autoimmunity in Recipients of the BNT-162b2 mRNA Vaccine: A Computational Analysis.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunogenicity and Safety of Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Anti-Cellular Biologic Agents or JAK Inhibitors: A Prospective Observational Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination will be the largest vaccination programme in the history of the NHS. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy will be among the earliest to be vaccinated. Some evidence indicates immunosuppressive therapy inhibits humoral response to the influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines. The degree to which this will translate to impaired COVID-19 vaccine responses is unclear. Other evidence suggests withholding MTX for 2 weeks post-vaccination may improve responses. Rituximab has been shown to impair humoral responses for 6 months or longer post-administration. Decisions on withholding or interrupting immunosuppressive therapy around COVID-19 vaccination will need to be made prior to the availability of data on specific COVID-19 vaccine response in these patients. With this in mind, this article outlines the existing data on the effect of antirheumatic therapy on vaccine responses in patients with inflammatory arthritis and formulates a possible pragmatic management strategy for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.