ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2021
Effort-Optimized Intervention Model: Framework for Building and Analyzing Digital Interventions That Require Minimal Effort for Health-Related Gains.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying Active Ingredients that Cause Change in Digital Parent Training Programs for Child Behavior Problems: A Qualitative Exploration.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Trial
- Automated, tailored adaptive mobile messaging to reduce alcohol consumption in help-seeking adults: A randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Trial
- Technology-assisted cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease patients with central obesity: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Trial
- Investigating When, Which, and Why Users Stop Using a Digital Health Intervention to Promote an Active Lifestyle: Secondary Analysis With A Focus on Health Action Process Approach-Based Psychological Determinants.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Trial
- Meta Self-Efficacy Internet Intervention to Support Occupational Health in Young Employees: Protocol for Co-Creation and a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Reach, Usage, Human Support Needs, and Clinical Outcomes of Digital Parent Training for Child Oppositional Defiant Disorder Before and During Wartime: Longitudinal Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- Optimizing the impact of supportive cancer care digital health interventions: considerations for design, development, and evaluation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Review
- Capacity to Invest Effort as a Predictor of Preference for Digital Mental Health Interventions Over Psychotherapy: Cross-Sectional Study Using an Ecological Digital Screening Tool.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- User Experiences With Digital Future-Self Interventions in the Contexts of Smoking and Physical Inactivity: Mixed Methods Multistudy Exploration.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Increasing Vegetable Intake Using Monosodium Glutamate in a Randomized Controlled Trial: A Culinary Medicine Intervention.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The Impact of Mechanisms of Action on Adherence and Outcomes in Self-Guided Digital Mental Health Interventions: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial With Mediation Analysis.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Progressing implementation of behavior change frameworks for digital health interventions: challenges and ways forward.Translational behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Does human support add value to persuasive design-based digital mental health interventions? A propensity score matching study of a digital parenting program.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- More than a chatbot: a practical framework to harness artificial intelligence across key components to boost digital therapeutics quality.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- "They Don't Come With a Handbook": Exploring Design Opportunities for Supporting Parent-Child Interaction around Emotions in the Family Context.Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction · 2024Article
- Comprehensive and personalized approach is a critical area for developing remote cardiac rehabilitation programs.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Teachers' needs for an FASD-informed resource: a qualitative interview needs assessment based on the ADAPT-ITT framework.Psychology in the schools · 2024Article
- The digital cumulative complexity model: a framework for improving engagement in digital mental health interventions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The impact of therapeutic persuasiveness on engagement and outcomes in unguided interventions: A randomized pilot trial of a digital parent training program for child behavior problems.Internet interventions · 2023Article
- Novel behaviour change frameworks for digital health interventions: A critical review.Journal of health psychology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The majority of digital health interventions lean on the promise of bringing health and self-care into people's homes and hands. However, these interventions are delivered while people are in their triggering environments, which places competing demands on their attention. Individuals struggling to change or learn a new behavior have to work hard to achieve even a minor change because of the automatic forces propelling them back to their habitual behaviors. We posit that effort and burden should be explored at the outset and throughout the digital intervention development process as a core therapeutic mechanism, beyond the context of design or user experience testing. In effort-focused conceptualization, it is assumed that, even though goals are rational and people want to achieve them, they are overtaken by competing cognitive, emotional, and environmental processes. We offer the term effort-optimized intervention to describe interventions that focus on user engagement in the face of competing demands. We describe design components based on a 3-step process for planning an effort-optimized intervention: (1) nurturing effortless cognitive and environmental salience to help people keep effort-related goals prominent despite competition; (2) making it as effortless as possible to complete therapeutic activities to avoid ego depletion and self-efficacy reduction; and (3) turning the necessary effortful activities into sustainable assets. We conclude by presenting an example of designing a digital health intervention based on the effort-optimized intervention model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.